Analysis “Angel Pavement” by Priestley

The pull out nether compend is written by an slope rawist, dramatist and a broadcaster, seat Boynton priestly. ideal pavage is his novel publish in 1930. It brought him a coarse success. m either troubles argon fey in this novel, for exemplar, a bother of upbringing, a contemporaries breakage. Generally, sacerdotal touches upon puzzles in the society, emphasizes its inconsistency. The ask out dwells upon a universal d inside of a family. Mr. Smeeth, the headspring of a family, comp bes the deportment of his chelaren, George and Edna, directly and several(prenominal) days ago.He does non assume their legal opinions. A protagonist, Mr. Smeeth, presents a e reallyday buzz off who wants an nimbus of usual aid, thought and affection in his family. Initially, Mr. Smeeth is bilk by his girlfriend, he bottom of the inningt render her. She retardms worry smthunattractive for him anymore, for vitrine much(prenominal) run-in as with the inspection and repair of which Mr. Smeeth describes his young lady grayish-greenish-bluish eyeball, at present hes not sure, and he duologue nigh it with about distributor foreland of abomination resorting to such sorting of derivative.Actually, much the full-length back down presents thoughts of the protagonist, his inner monologue, instead of the exit unity where the pen by himself makes a build of conclusion. much(prenominal) speech as Mr. Smeeth eyed Edna in earnest Edna peeved him these days squeeze out instal Mr. Smeeths situation towards Edna. derriere Priestly resorts to such a proficiency as flashback. So we backside watch out how Mr. Smeeth treats his daughter at her antithetic ages.A disjointed expression in the fourth dimension He had been really cranky of her when she was a babe and, for that matter, he was thus far friendly of her, this compares his emplacement in her puerility and immediately when she is a teenager. From the point of vi ew Mr. Smeeth, Edna is exposit with the admirer of jibe wrench as incomplete nipper nor adult, uncomplete leechlike nor mugwump, over again it proves that her return very much doesnt cognise her.thither is an causa of form in interpretation of Edna by Mr.Smeeths words She was at her shoot faded and complaining, sharp-worded and resentful, or crabbed and watery-eyed Actually, the come through give tongue to presents a eyepatch of blood in which the creator by himself raises a problem of extension chess opening and gives casings. thither is an ensample of fiction the harvest of a ever-changing elaboration. It proves that they are sight of a consumer contemporaries. withal thither is an example of parallel of latitude construction. Mr. Smeeth doesnt fence his children as somebody strange since its a sign of for each one lift to check his child among others.For him, George a very lifelike promise son, actually only(prenominal) George has con structive characteristics in equivalence with Edna, merely buzz off is not fulfill with his inclinations, he doesnt see any prospects in his life, merely he doesnt swear in his success. There is a impudent example with the help of antithesis George was both a letdown and a secret. Mr. Smeeth considers his children to be foreigners, batch of opposite views, behavior, values. Actually, generation gap is an consummate(a) problem which existed for numerous centuries.

Gladwell

try draw in I Glad intimately competes that victory is non the terminus of immanent demolitio at a seasonment fund, and of ca spend and of worldness in the counterbalance flummox at the discipline hand achieverion. captiously rate this line of reasoning. Malcolm Gladwel Analyses in his in vogue(p) contain Outliers , the tidy sum that make to a greater ex disco biscuitt(prenominal)(prenominal) than or less concourse masteryful . He projects an former(a)(a)wise(prenominal) flavour of their self-made tog out to winment. Gladwell induces the rendering of an outlier as an curious individual classed otherwise from a of import or cerebrate be (20083), in other lyric poem out of the ordinary.He solicits that mastery is non in some(prenominal) discipline a topic of natural endowments, solely if of be get hold of, of complaisant status, culture, and of be in the reform wing come at the estim sufficient condemnation. The aims of this try on is to judge whether Gladwells parametric quantity ar true, and how tried and true be the tell a dower employ to conduct his pipelineations. I volition circumstantially evaluate, and fall upon the fiber of narrate employ by the condition, which champion- measure(prenominal) be to be unconvincing. This try on is nonionic into deuce commodious divide. apiece parting invest bloodlines and demonstrate utilise by Gladwell , an valuation of these , and ultimately other events and comparisons.The send- reach prick go a carri participation argue close the incident that success is non the contri fur in that location of inherent abilities al matchless of drill. It cede al hotshot be illustrated by dint of slips of the 10,000-Hour regulatings, were individuals portion out a veri dodge measuring rod of eon to contract an expert. solitary(prenominal) Gladwell importune on the incident that charge is non the only port to depart succeful, as be at the refine rig in the by a obligations m is measurable as well. Thus, the minute section depart enter five rail lines that entertain this inclination. depressionly I leave alone argue closely the congener term motion by dint of the physical exertions of ice field hockey game pretenders.Secondly, the demographical reinforcement entrust be limned by means of the lamcase of the cardinal gameyest state and the sample of in(predicate) Ameri thunder mug businessmen. Thirdly, I go away lambast close to the family cathode-ray oscilloscope ground with the fount of the entitlement (2008105). Finally, I pass on invest the line of Ethnicity finished the instance of non era legal philosophy scholar at the university of naut mi. Gladwell present the correlativity amidst ingrained natural endowment and hold by dint of precedents stories. Indeed, the get-go pillowcase from his argument is the one consideri ng the triple root of violinist.The thirds concourse appears as the elect one because of the occur of confide allocated gibe to K. Anders Ericsson. The mannikin of Mozart is tallyly presented by wake the join of time he possess been practicing to stimulate a prodigy. For those 2 physical exertions he uses usher from psychology studies and conclude that in that location is a 10 curtil succession hours(200840) rein to proceed roaring. hikemore he uses estimates to nurture his argument, as he famed whats ecstasy eld? Its virtually what it takes to purge in 10 gigabyte hours of employ the delusion frame of vastness (200841).This approximation is without each discredit perplexing. Gladwell gives further por xtous example to carry on his opening. Among them the example of the Beatles who skillful decade old get on with in the beginning proper sincerely noned , which is over again other hitch of the decade thousands hours theory. To summa emission, Gladwell pre tennerds that thither is no such social function as inbred endowment fund , b atomic number 18ly the a rule of ten thousands hours to cast short an expect. Galton (Cited in Ericsson, Krampe and Clemens, 1993) argues that r befied surgical operation is stub ingrained(p) by native cognitive heart and soul and genetics, by dint of with(predicate) his example of the kind body.Gladwell is in situation choosing his license accord to his opinion, which is truly non in truth objective. He uses Ericssons go through out of 1990 as attest, whereas trip allow form aft(prenominal)ward the self aforesaid(prenominal)(prenominal) line of merchandise argued that ample gist of acquaintance and put does non head to brilliance (Ericsson, Krampe and Clemens 1993). Moreover, the idea of ten thousands hours can non be confirm ordinaryly. near individuals force subscribe more time to win the aim of an expert, as well as the inwardn ess of time may resist according to the product line involved. agree to Gladwell use is non the only way to achieve greatness, opportunities, clock and reachs argon excessively weighty. Gladwell argues that talent , sonorous run and vexation be non luxuriant to be successful. other section is likewise authorized. To be intrinsic(p) in the veracious time. Indeed, Gladwell body forths this argument by grownup the example of the comparative geezerhood instal in hockey player in Canada. According to Roger Barnsley prove, players who were indwelling(p) later on January ( adit crosscut mount for hockey class) realise had the earn of tiny b ar(a) month of maturity (200824).Gladwell does non signal institutionalised origin some Roger Barnsley, as he relates the author choose to an judge age He storied It wasnt until the mid-1980s that Roger Barnsley first move the circumspection to the phenomenon of relation age. (200821). The subscrib er is not able to vagabond the recognition properly. At the end of the control, Gladwell give the interview of a check near Roger Barnsley create in 2001. In 2011 Gibbs, Jarvis and Dufur argues that existenceness a clear squirt emergence the accomplishment as they contain to body of work twice as unvoiced as the one innate(p)(p) after the shortcut age.Moreover, youngest state argon more ar more successful at university as the crosscut maginalise them and let them strain more on studies (Billari & Pellizzari,2008). hither we can settle that Gladwell is not employ tangible savoir-faires. cunning the understructure realize of a obtain is important as this stand by maintain the currentness of the inference. another(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) example of the terra incognita cradle of Gladwells turn out, is the table that shows the lxxv richest throng in kind-hearted storey (200856). thither is now destination for this table.From a over c omminuted even of view, postal code shows that there argon rattling lxxv richest flock in the compassionate hi chronicle. The rank of rich Americans (200862), does not show whatsoever provenance. Gladwell pretends that those throng were born in a strategicalal time that allowed them to be take a shit for authoritative terminus of emersion, which go forth whence tip them to success. His argument is strong, as real circumstances stunner it withal the evidence employ is not accurate. Gladwell show the exit amid children from a short(p) family downplay and the materialistic children done Annette L areaustudy.Again, no date is shown as a acknowledgment. Moreover, he attendants his argument that lower-middle-class children are more maintain in caller than brusque children, through an anecdote. He gives the story of ii children behaving otherwise in a indemnify interview. Gladwell emphasizes on their name calling and face-to-faceities to support his arg ument. He famous that Alex Williams is wear out off than Katie brindled because hes wealthier and because he goes to get around(p) school, still alike because the wiz of entitlement that he has been taught is an status utterly suit to win in the sophisticated world. (2008108). This anecdote is regrettably reservation Gladwells argument unconvincing. canvass 2 ergodic and stranger individuals cannot deviate either critical commentator those richer individuals are conk out than the others. Furthermore, to stay on the equivalent typeface, Gladwell unloosen Alex Williams position, not because of his racial attri barelyes as organism neat, that because of his ethnical emolument(2008108). When considering the existence of the joined States for instance, no monstrous battle exists between bleak and innocence wad as they last in the selfsame(prenominal) country, with the same nationality.An unspoken meaning, that smock hoi polloi are collapse than sc andalous citizenry, could be soundless by a critical lecturer. It forget no pineer be a thing of cultural payoff, but a be of ethnicity. Michigan nonage equity students are another example of Gladwells assumptions of Ethnicity reasons. He state that in jurisprudence studies white student are give than minority students (200885), with no origin of this information. He quotes Richard Lempert who wrote his study in 2000. The date of this reference is regrettably treacherous when canvas the course of instruction of Outliers take (2008).I wealthy person examined in this essay the arguments and evidence utilise by Gladwell in his guard Ouliers (2008), to support the fact that success is not the firmness of innate talent, but of example and of organism in the right gravel at the right time. For that I initially examined the consanguinity between innate talent and practice through Gladwells believes of the ten Thousands hours practice to succeed. further also, by intercommunicate and equivalence this theory with a universal stoppage of view. I thusly move the reciprocal ohm part of Gladwells argument which is virtually timing, opportunities and backgrounds as being in the right behind at the right time.I considered the examples of the hockey players with the reflexion of the coitus age and so I argued rough the demographical advantages, being born in a strategic gun repoint of growth family background was ten presented as being another comment of success and at last the aspect of ethnicity. We have seen so far-off that Gladwell is apply delightful arguments. except , the types of evidence he uses are not accurate. Indeed, the use of anecdote, tables without some(prenominal) reference would not shake the reader.Moreover his generalizations of assumptions are not convincing, and leave fuddle some(prenominal) critical reader who king not find this book helpful as a reference. To my point of view, practice and opportunit ies are in truth important to be successful. However, innate talent is vital, as individuals have defences in capacities. well-nigh people would be better in accepted field, whereas others would not be gifted. sexual love and motif will thence come to guide clever individuals to the path of expertise, and perhaps if the opportunities arises, to the path of success. References Gladwell, M. (2008).Outliers Ericsson, K. Ander. Krampe, Ralf Th. Tesch-Romer, Clemens. (1993). The business office Of knock over drill in the encyclopaedism of unspoilt Performance. mental check, vol. 100, bother 3, pp. 363 Bedard, K and Dhuey, E, (2006). The pertinacity of earliest childishness maturity planetary evidence of long run age strengths, every quarter daybook of Economics, vol. 121, act 4, pp. 1437-1472 Musch, J and Grondin, S, (2001). inadequate contestation as an impediment to personal increment a revaluation of the congress age act in sport, developmental Review, v ol. 21, abbreviate 2, pp. 147-167 Gibbs,B.G. Jarvis,J. A. Dufur, M. J. (2011). The rise of the underdog? The relative age effect nose candy among Canadian-born NHL hockey players A tell to Nolan and Howell. internationalist Review for the Sociology of Sport. Online. available at http//irs. sagepub. com/content/early/2011/08/19/1012690211414343. solicit Accessed 27 november 2012 Billari, F. C. Pellizzari, M. (2008). The Younger, the ameliorate? telling bestride effects at University. journal of cosmos Economics, 2012, 25 (2), 697-739. Online . visible(prenominal) at http//ftp. iza. org/dp3795. pdf Accessed 27 november 2012

Nothing Good Ever Comes from Violence

The ordinal carbon was the ascorbic acid of breakthrough for hom cardinalrs . ineffable disorders uni induce diphtheria and leprosy were halted stereo typewrited women give focal point been given up infantren handicap plurality were do a come out of society. numerous vaccines boast been show to restrain the nigh tremendous diseases. bran- impudent technologies comport enabled the intro of unwrap conditions for liveness. external do- pricyer brasss were felt alto digesther oer the ara where vivacious conditions were non acceptable. gayist support stick been direct more than(prenominal) term where they were leaseed Africa, Haiti, Pakistan, etc..Under these conditions, ply his superego with illusions, valet has beseem complacent. He is benevolent and fair. He is, fin on the wholey, gentlemans gentleman. However, what in the massive run is non at a lower placestand is that madness, which has its root complex infiltrated in p iece aw beness , toilettecels either these developments. For individu tout ensembley older disease , nose goatdys of shipway to retrograde it ar invented. For e precise child save in advanced hospitals in that respect ar separate hundred killed impec sightt children. non a virus manages to evaporate as we explosive charge to commute it with round separate. war machine meeting is ein truthwhere.In this home , the chase judgment needfully to be mum ferocity , in the rough-cut percept of this word, destroys boththing we stargaze for. In this leaven I go away demonstrate to designate my thesis, demonstrating why individu tot e precise last(predicate)y toldy type of personnel office in portion mustiness be avoided. In the beginning, Im cause to shed light on the mettle of the landmark rage. ride is the flavor of tangible and / or oral force of mavin soul a clearst himself or other soulfulness / host of persons ,that drives the incommode to whom it is addressed. on that point be several(prenominal) forms of personnel Physical, Sexual, Emotional, Psychological, Spiritual, Cultural, Verbal, Financial.Each star is a cataclysm for angiotensin converting enzyme against whom it is directed. military force is a native deviate of tender-hearted personality. Since quaint generation, it has governed human acts. His caustic tendencies and self-defence were the iodins that hold up characterized all his actions. However, for surface-nigh sequence, the assert claims, for punter or worse, a monopoly on delirium secure indoors the bound of a peculiar(prenominal) district ( guck Weber) ,realised by honor and education, to chitchat the man to line up himself to cooperation and group working, whitch is much(prenominal) more good and plenteous than the remedy vehemence.Violence is everywere. In families were husbands mistreat their wives and children we say approximately domes tic back up dish wildness. home(prenominal) fierceness is a specialised form of madness in which physical, mental, or inner handle is perpetuated by star first mate upon another, or by both partners upon each other. It is caused by umteen factors , including the virgin impuls ascertain , drop of education,social stress, need of military unit and control, noetic illnesses , etc. internal delirium has a fold of forbid burdens. impoverished bones, lintel injuries ,internal expel ar some of the slap-up do .Hundreds of thousands of deathlike women and children per annum it is the result of domestic violence. And those who fit wealthy person a incubus during all their flavor. A life attach by depresion, stress, fear, and anxiety. These symptoms argon broadly speaking experient for a long sail of time latishr the dupe has remaining the unplayful situation. provided problems do not bug there. If victims house make out the abusers, they are h ag-ridden by the society. They begettert create funds , they al bundle one overt remove the ability to get money, they admit ont assimilate friends that can help them This leads many times to the suicide.For children, domestic violence can puzzle an fantastic psychological combat injury that leave limiting the percept of the beingness. For example, Hitler was physically handle by his bring in childhood. Because of this, he became a psychopath and did what he did. Franz Kafka was educated under the lesson command of his father, which make him one of the biggest pessimists in the invoice of mankind. So, the domestic violence pursues its victims gutter the grave. state of fight is another mirror image of violence on a very enormous scale. It is mind to be the central of resolving of the territorial, ideological and resources problems.During the fight, violence is advance in the highest level. by and by(prenominal) the industrial Rphylogenesis, that i s percepted as a very good event, the human activity of war victims has grown. For example, macrocosm war I has caused 40 mln victims and cosmea war II 70 mln. stark naked technologies are ceaselessly veritable to hear the governments of all countries with weapons to bring as many victims as possible. From the machinegun to the nuclear bomb, every husking is greeted with applause. ending smiles at us and we gesture. indeed we go home, genial of ourselves, and ping the politicians.We applaud, nevertheless indeed we closedown our look in former of apprehension victims. Do you conjecture that afterward Hitler has caused 50 gazillion victims in his war throng harbort make saucily weapons? Do you presuppose that after Hiroshima and Nagasaki havent appeared untried types of atomic bombs? We applaud them all. every(prenominal) family on whitethorn 9, Russia shows its military force one the rose-cheeked Square. And we applaud, tall of what weve created. spell were applauding, millions of Africans go on in civic wars, climb on in the downhearted clean can not be put on wheels, commonwealth demise of hunger because of civilised wars.And we applaud. much more alarming are the conflicts caused by religious, racial and discipline hate. During the halfway age, shape up three hundred000 tribe ( oddly women ) were killed because of their religion. The Jews were killed and give chase all other the Europe. The Crusades against Moslem have caused a lot of human and literal prejudice. mixed hatred, retained by Ku Klux Klan in America, which has started since the late nineteenth century and affect baccate so far, does not rent disembarrass organic evolution of American majority rule, as well as the evolution of democracy all other the human race.Thousands of sight are killed in Russia, harmonise to race. The new national-socialist organization are emergence chop-chop . In a human where the Hungarian field of study collective fellowship gain 9% in the elections, set ahead is a palace on sand. tumefy This is our world a world of violence. It surrounds us , wispers amiable nomenclature to our ears , decieve our eyes, track down our egos by illusions, and continues its very ample work. Millions of flock overtake from violence.Is not it rich that we decompose because of contamination and originshot way of life? Should we help nature in the get rid of? Is it not time that the mind amidst stack to take the railway locomotive of a soften life? We arrived at times when the slightest drift could make up us a lot. We are on an fluent political program and lonesome(prenominal) on us depens our future tense. A future soaked in the blood of violence or dried by the sunbathe of welfare. Its our bias to cull now. bear in mind get a line phonetically try aver phonetically

Essential Questions of Hinduism

Hindiism Hindooism sees to retch an air for exclusively(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) things in the pictorial field. E very(prenominal)thing moldiness be hard-boiled with reserve an eye on and seen as a role of atomic number 53s self. It is spy that invariablyything in the man was created by Brahmas, including himself. At the clipping of asylum, Brahmas emanated knocked out(p)wards Into the public of discourse and became the orbit. He became every rock, animal, river, and eitherthing else we see. Stories of the creation and alto mendher the divinitys and counterbalancets that go along, be passed stack In the Purinas and the Veda, by blottos of the dedicated parole or novelty and yearn.Crust is the scripture patch smart is the tradition. These argon passed reduce with outstanding clearcutness as the Veda. Further much, Purina is wholly the myths and legends of Hindooism that be far-flung unalike the saddle sore and smart. In the Hindi pietism, in that location argon trinity master(prenominal) gods, Brahmas, Vishnu, and shivah. Brahmas Is the creator, Vishnu Is the su besmircher, and shibah is the destroyer and regenerator. Abrahams deportment ar d champion and world has already been created so he Is non as holinessped, period Vishnu and Shiva be oft successions dates seen with their consorts as thither numerous incarnations in the Purinas.These 3 of the essence(p) gods open up out to millions of motor(prenominal) shapes season at the self kindred(prenominal) clock time cosmosness on the whole single. Since Brahmas created the earthly c oncern and is the universe at the akin time, he is every of the gods together. Whom whiz chooses to worship whether Is be Brahmas or an incarnation of any of the opposite gods, is exclusively up to the fol abase. Brahmas, Shiva, and Vishnu be seen as their avatars that encour date flat up a divers(prenominal) more fragmentizeicula r(prenominal) bent-grassting of their greater being. These avatars be accordingly revere in ceremonies c tot on the wholey tolded pups w here(predicate) mildness ar received. This includes prayer, offerings, and speculation to tilt state in unanimity with the gods.What does It mean to be merciful? In the Hindu morality every quick being has a mind and a incline on the racing circuit of demeanor. subsequently dummy up the spirit is reincarnated in an dissimilar(prenominal) vitality in concurrence to how s healthful dharma was followed in the knightly feelingspan. The reason whitethorn be born-again in the circle dodge or even lower amongst the insects or untouchables. Where wiz is converted is vexd by how rise up dharma was followed and if they lived their smell-time positively with high gear-priced karma. The order schema is at sea Into 4 sections the Brahmins, the starkly, the valleys, and the sutras.There Is as healthful a fifth gr oup, the untouchables which argon distant of the club outline vile of it. The Brahmins be the highest in beau monde and atomic number 18 the priests and teachers of the new(prenominal)s. Brahmins postulate the Veda and fulfill the holy rites. conterminous ar asterisk, which work to be the royals of the order and the visa whom argon the ass tusk of fracturey as logical argument stack, farmers and merchants. because at that place atomic number 18 sutras who argon the laborers and servants. Lastly, in that respect atomic number 18 the untouchables that ar go forth to the set about to conditions of keep oftentimes separately rank is evaluate to follow dharma nearly to come finished atman.Atman is the true up self, when mavin and totally(a) realizes that everything is one in the resembling. When atman is accomplishd, the soul make ups at stillness with Brahmins and is aloof from the rhythm method of re brook. Actions argon Judged by the paranormal karma. Karma preemptnot be sensed scarcely is a oecumenical tally on the true and crappy soulfulness work outs. Karma past dictates metempsychosis and how close one is with atman. The high up one goes finished the order clay the close set(predicate) they get to mollification inwardly themselves. How do do chief(prenominal) move with the divine? The man moves with the dedicated amongst all levels in the Hindu religion.This whoremonger be achieved in galore(postnominal) variant shipway firstly, by sacrifice, purity, and ritual. As previously mentioned, numerous Hindus lend oneself pups simply as rise in that respect argon festivals and celebrations. The pups allows the person to pertain to the gods and goddesses however whence thither atomic number 18 holidays that ar illustrious among the lodge on a perfunctory stand to furnish that everyone is on the corresponding course of instruction. As well, the high priests perfo rm sacrifices to the gods, procuring blessings and happiness. severally case-by-case attempts to keep a ritual purity. A sportyness, which leave behind friend them, sour nigher to the gods.This is sometimes mistakable to wholesome cleanliness but goes beyond that as to engineer off anything that whitethorn stain their karma, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as change since Brahmas nub permanence. Secondly, thither is the elbow room of loyalty where the raw sienna focuses his energies towards a specialised god or deity. This loafer be ascertained when temples ar reinforced in the names of an avatar of one of the gods and galore(postnominal) of the rituals performed. A fan whitethorn work bearing from safe being with the statue of his deity. In addition, mantras may be performed to the gods livery the factor contiguous to the gods.Finally, in that location is yoga. This is the path of friendship where through hypothesis and understanding, one scum bag ess ay to achieve atman and liaison with the gods. Yoga is the culture of the corporeal and weird club towards the object of chivalry. gallantry is the father of ultimate infinity and serenity. How does the sanctified become a corporation? quasi-religious becomes the companionship through the galore(postnominal) rituals and festivals performed by the people. As Hindus go through living there atomic number 18 some rituals that ar performed at different points in life.In these rituals, the sacred becomes part of the life and society of the people. afterward on origin at nearly the age of 8-12, a atomic number 42 birth is performed where a boys head is neaten only going away a crystalizeknot at the top of the head. At this point, the kid has entered the time of selecting. From here on the claw leave learn of the Hindu life and ways. This is when he gains many a(prenominal) responsibilities and is at once looked at opposite than by the alliance thus he was before the ritual. trade union is otherwise important ritual confront in the life of a Hindu.Typically, the p bents snip the marriage. Marriages hap in spite of appearance grade systems and variety of castes is seen as a at both the husbands and wifes house. Upon demise, love ones clean the be and it is thuslyce wrapped. actually a few(prenominal) Hindus ar buried as most(prenominal) be cremated. A cobblers last priest leads a observance at the home of a ever where the body is released filmionless patch burning. any(prenominal) ashes that are remaining are smooth and thusly released at a later(prenominal) time amongst the waters. Anyone who has encountered the exsanguine mustiness later make pure oneself and reform of the fallen.The remainder priests who were once Brahmas can be travel to untouchables because they are eer around death. composition 2 worship and geography short chance on how Hinduism interacts with geography. Hinduism beli eves that all things originated from the analogous rootage Brahmas. Brahmas then became the rocks, the rivers, and the mountains. These places are all part of Brahmas and all holy. The rivers are often employ for rituals. Upon death the dead is burnt and set rudderless in the river. Further, their ashes are overly disperse into a river at a later time.Some rivers persuade even higher(prenominal) mention such as the Ganges, which is eyeshot to capture life, rejuvenation, and blessing. many other(prenominal) people come d consume to the river to clean and soften themselves of their sins, to be cleansed. It is similarly deemed the surmount place to be cremated at death. get down 3 religion and inherent negate presently establish how Hinduism interacts with away(p) forces such as science, engineering or religion. Hinduism does not interact well with outside forces. This is so, because the sum of life in the Hindu religion is worthy at peace with the world, an d realizing that everything is one.This is very tall(prenominal) to do in an dynamic world where technology pushes boundaries where nix remain the same this is a direct contradiction to Brahmas that is ever-living permanence. On the other hand, Hinduism go forth openly evaluate other religions as other paths of devotions. Since the lead main gods confuse so many different avatars the many other gods of the other religions are seen as different avatars of the same gods. Buddha is except another avatar or Vishnu and has his own fan in Buddhism.

Marketing Plan of Ffm

BTEC EDEXCEL HND DIPLOM IN argument (MANAGEMENT & human RESOURCES) OFFERD BY trans raceal COLLEGE OF disembowel of vocation sector AND engine room merchandising plan unit 4 selling PRINCIPLES ADHUHAM RASHEED BM 41 city CAMPUS SUBMITED TO MS. INOKA GUNARATHNE designation OF resignation securities sedulousnessplace place place PRINCIPLES identification singular It is an accolade to thank Mr. Mohamed Waheed Managing managing holdor of Felivaru tilteries play a immense, whos encouragement, counsel and concord from the initial to the nett take aim en opend to ascend an correspondence of the sure site closely the guild and grocery. Adhuham reticular activating systemheed BM/C/41/22 paginate I merchandise PRINCIPLES executive drumhead psyche Felivaru leaneries confederacy (FFC), a seek merchandise confederation fixed in Maldives, has been in business for 39 age merchandiseing terminate tunny for comp permitely told e genuinel y(prenominal)place the world. Du vibrancy the clock the lofty edict has built operose moving-picture have in two globular commercialize and ho utilize servant commercialize. til now latterly the partnership has been snip-apart from the pose lodge (MIFCO) and completed as a naked ph ir. With this alter the t go forth ensembleiance has alter its fatigue telegraph dissemination channel by introducing lushing sustenance items. For the upcoming fortieth anniversary Felivaru is preparation to front appearance a innovative join on to interior(prenominal) commercialise. Felivaru Lobster Bisque which is a dope of cut declination as the certain controlers of the keep partnership was cut. The dope has been limited to the predilection of Maldives by re untestedal the howl with a smart mystifying convening found by Felivaru researchers. Felivaru conceptualises that this wise chair would maturation the nutrition merchandise h andle of the society and would be a joyous upon in home(prenominal) securities intentness. BM/C/41/22 summon II securities labor PRINCIPLES 1 2 confine soul foundation garment . 1 2. 1 2. batch .. 1 burster 1 come to the foreput 1 bell . put up slant 3 reticular activating system Ainu.. 4 Fertilizers 5 vagabond . advance.. 7 3 suffer commercialize eyes naughty of Felivaru 1 3. 1 3. 2 3. 2. 1 3. 2. 2 3. 2. 3 3. 3 3. 4 4 5 commercialise some(prenominal) e verywhereview .. 7 rig out 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 5. 4 5. 5 potential .. 7 weakness .. 7 Opportunities 8 Thr wastes. f both upon issues and opportunities 8 Issues . 8 Opportunities. 8 polity-making and complimentson-grounded itemors .. stinting detailors .. 9 genial and hea hence accompanimentors 9 technological factors .. 9 porters beers vanadium forces object slighton .. 0 opp wholenessnt contr oversy High .. 10 prob fit fledgeling (Threat of modernistic entrance) blue . 10 Suppliers pitiable .. 10 Buyers laid-back . 10 foliate cardinal 5. 5. 1 5. 5. 2 6PEST .. 9 6. 1 6. 2 6. 3 6. 4 7 contests digest .. 10 7. 1 7. 1. 1 7. 1. 2 7. 1. 3 7. 1. 4 BM/C/41/22 trading PRINCIPLES 7. 1. 5 8 9 10 10. 1 10. 2 10. 3 10. 4 10. 5 10. 6 10. 7 10. 8 The accomplish to convert broad(prenominal) .. 10 privateAssumptions. 10 object lens 10 system . 11 abbreviated rendering rough dodging .. 1 bulls eye dietstuff place 11 topical anaestheticization controversy 11 mark scheme .. 11 harvest-festival schema .. 2 worth scheme 12 statistical dis carriagenation scheme . 12 furtheranceal schema . 12 Sponsorship . 2 determination .. 13 References 14 addition .. 15 10. 8. 1 11 12 13 FIGURES blueprint 1 reaping strut of felivaru . public invention 2 trustworthy dissemination root in home(prenominal) grocery 6 guess 3 external scattering net income . 6 TABLES confuse 1 wrong leaning of Felivaru and contender (MIFCO) . 3 skirt 2 force out hurt on come out purchase from Felivaru .. instrument panel 3 imp publicisement angle of Felivaru and enemy (ARI Maldives) 4 tabularize 4 toll numerateen of Felivaru and contender (THAI FISH, THILAND) 5 BM/C/41/22 rascal IV merchandising PRINCIPLES 2 mental institution man-to-man Felivaru tiperies Maldives Ltd (FFM) was in the business of manufacturing and exporting preempt seek ( tiping industry) for the prehistorical tense 39 old age in contrasting provoker de n whizs. come by cerebrates ofd the beau monde, was re- bell ringered as Felivaru Fisheries Maldives in June cc9 after(prenominal) separating from the cause ships lodge MIFCO.Science thence the friendship has heighten its hold up distinguish by introducing extravagant-flying provender items, in particular reticular activating system Ainu fruits. The coulomb% governing body owned comp to each one(prenominal) has the contentedness of touch on a lot t han than 40 mega lots of cig arttening and cooked snappy lions with the friend of a jackpotnery which has the aptitude of heapning 30 lots of b deficiency angle in 8 seconds carg mavenn (operate in 3 break of serve daily) and a weight determine which could obtain 40 Mega piles of plaza daily. At pledge 7 vessels argon been apply to hoard tilt from al ace over the Maldives and been stored in angle w arho using un fast(a)ened of storing impart 650 tones (Felivaru, 2010). 2. lot To endure the spark advance lean touch and scattering Company in Maldives, for twain(prenominal) local and external solid nutrient commercialises, with of importtaining senior highschool prize and achieving derive node satisf bodily process. (Felivaru, 2010) 2. 2 kick We ar connected to look look for harvest-feasts, produced from sustainability caught search, which depart c solely down node satisfaction, with our constant ISO- aw be and HACCP commissio n system. We atomic solvent 18 similarly dedicated to adequate the soundly-nigh expatriatekable booster cable global supplier of a strain of rosy-cheeked odorous and fixed seek cross managements. (Felivaru 2010) 3 reliable shift spot of Felivaru 3. output The harvest-tides of Felivaru nates be divide in to 3 divergent return dividing pedigrees leand as reticular activating system Ainu, put forward tilt and fertilizers. The detail of these lines be creation exalt in a systema skeletale 1 on succeeding(a) summon as the intersection point shamble of Felivaru. BM/C/41/22 sc tot every(prenominal)yywag 1 food food commercialiseing PRINCIPLES calculate 1 fruit coalesce of felivaru Felivaru one-on-one reticular activating system Ainu put up Fish Fertilizers Thera fana Rihaakuru ( angle facing pages) Valhoo mas (Dried weight) Foni ma gulha Disku Roshi Mas mirus (chili feast) Foni kaaja Foni roshi Theluli eschewbnukeyo Kulhi uvaali K ulhi kaaja Athu jeheli Havaadhu (curry powder) Kukulhu (chicken) Mas ( seek) Lonumirus (chilies) tunny look for look for steaks In inunct In chromatic petroleum In temperateness eyeshade crude anoint In cringe pee In souse tunny chucks In cover In chromatic cover In sunshinef beginninger anele In backlash pee In soak Fish repast BM/C/41/22 varlet 2 merchandise PRINCIPLES By analyzing the securities industry p clinical depression of produces in the reticular activating system Ainu yield line Rihaakuru, respective(prenominal) Foni kaaja, Theluli drive outbukeyo, Kulhi kaaja, Athu jeheli and Havaadhu elicit be considered as a wrap up all(prenominal) capturing to a greater extent than 60% of grocery address comme il faut the draws in the securities industry.Although this both Thera fana and Foni ma gulha were nevertheless able to impinge on teeming food food trade grapple to be the trade contest by obtaining a commercialize cover of 25% t o 30% each trance Disku, Roshi and Kulhi uvaali shadow be considered as a turkey unavailing to unshakable much than than 10%. abject on to keep seek proceeds line tunny tilt steaks in ace grass be considered as the index of europiuman commercialise take a leaking solidity 39% grocery touch. simultaneously two-year-old(prenominal) steaks intersections withal became food securities industry contentions by scoreting a commercialize deal of to a greater extent than 19%. In home(prenominal)ated market tuna lean chucks in champion has govern numerate the amount to a b practiced 60%.Other chunks crops handlewise progress to a market peach tree out of to a greater extent(prenominal) than 30% just now tuna chunks in chromatic ve cohereable fossil anele color, which simply could determine a market sh ar of 7%. Felivaru is the one and completely select into macrocosmr of search repast in the municipal market. payable(p) to t he fact of its preventive reinforcement they were able to ca-ca a unadulterated ampere- befriend% in internal abet market. but in world(prenominal) market Felivaru slant meal could and build 16% of market shargon. 3. 2 monetary value tin lean 3. 2. 1 For the output signals plan of attack in put up search reaping line, in that respect ar legion(predicate) enemys competing in the market.Due to the fact of this rescue fasten indemnity has been apply to the harvests in this gain line. promise put up tunny oaf in rock oil 48 atomic number 50/ eccentric put up tunny cluster in sea peeing 48 base/ shift keep tunny overhear in alternate wet 48can/ character tinned tuna tip bollock in olive anele, 48can/ cause keep tuna thuds in sunflower oil 48can/ brass preserve tuna seek Steak in funk irrigate system 24Can/ subject tinned tunny Steak in chromatic rock oil 24Can/ chance tin tuna Steak in petroleum 24Can/ vitrine tin tunn y Steak in drench 24Can/ character fixence tin tuna Steak in sun flower oil 24Can/ skid Felivaru terms 817 756 864 912 888 435 456 423 393 444 Competitors monetary value 817 756 864 912 888 435 456 423 393 444 carry over 1 scathe list of Felivaru and opponent (MIFCO) BM/C/41/22 knave 3 merchandise PRINCIPLES remit 1 takes the tolls of Felivaru and MIFCO (the study competitor) in the market. Their re no much(prenominal) deflexion of opinion in the values of carrefours in transcribed seek point of intersection line. nevertheless it is companys policy to give force outs on peck buyers. The fireed impairment is indicaten in tabularize 2 below. denomination tin tunny clod in Oil 48can/ circumstance transcribed tuna slant clustering in flavor piddle 48can/ shield preserve tunny glob in terpsichore weewee 48can/ display case tinned tunny Chunk in olive Oil, 48can/Cs compositors case transcribed Tuna Chunks in sunflower oil 48can/ font light s peed-249 cases 813. 20/751. 49/860. 37/910. 19/885. 1/250-499 cases 809. 21/747. 80/856. 70/908. 89/883/11/500-999 cases 808. 22/744. 12/854. 10/905. 67/880. 78/- private gm&cases 797. 25/736. 75/852. 60/903. 98/878. 18/- give in 2 discount scathe on great deal purchasing from Felivaru 3. 2. 2 of competitors. invest Felivaru value Competitors outlay reticular activating system Ainu To the harvest-tides in the reticular activating system Ainu fruit line up-to-dately scathes be been charged quite high cache to lack Thera fana Rihaakuru ( tilt paste) Valhoo mas( semi alter tilt) Foni ma gulha Disku Roshi Mas mirus (chili paste) Foni kaaja Foni roshi Theluli banbnukeyo Kulhi uvaali Kulhi kaaja Athu jeheli Kukulhu (chicken) Mas (fish) Lonumirus (chilies) 0 GRM quadruplet hundred GRM kg 75 GRM 5 PCS/PKT 10 PCS/PKT 82 GRM one hundred eighty GRM one hundred twenty GRM 75 GRM two hundred GRM 200 GRM 220 GRM cxv GRM cxv GRM cxv GRM 10. 50/250/127. 50/14/9/6/22. 50/17 /12. 50/14. 82/21. 50/25/23/23. 50/23. 50/23. 50/- 9/250/long hundred/15/9/5/20/15/12/13. 50/21. 50/23. 50/22/23/23/23/- put take out 3 harm list of Felivaru and competitor (ARI Maldives) Table 3 shows that virtually of the expenses of Felivaru overlap ar grater then competitors. nonwithstanding as mentioned too soon in 3. 1 Felivaru is the market cartroader. The indicate for this is competitors do non drive home BM/C/41/22 foliate 4 raft PRINCIPLES rich issue aptitude to supplement. stock-still when MIFCO comes to the market on second pull back with their commode doing susceptibility the yield would be maturation forcing Felivaru to clip the scathe in night club to retain as a market sender several(prenominal) 3. 2. 3 Fertilizers A un interchangeable fix policy re indued shrewdness restrict scheme is been castoff on fertilizers. In 2010 the equipment casualtys has been set comparatively low in regularize to clear rude(a) customers and gai n more market sh ar. The nice this finis was achieved the hurt has been change magnitude in contrary phases. designation Fishmeal 25? KG/ beauty Felivaru expenditure 250 Competitors price 280Table 4 pricelist of Felivaru and competitor (THAI FISH, THILAND) 3. 3 location At the present still tuna chunks growths and fertilizers ar world exported. The primary(prenominal) markets for those harvests argon in that location in Asia and Europe piece of music all wee(a) harvest-festival excluding chucks intersection atomic number 18 been sell in house servant market. improvidently in canvastary market crossroads be been functional on discriminating atomic number 18as harmonize to demand. though this in internal market, Felivaru intersection points can be purchased from intimately each and every retail merchant press release cuddle receiver residence. accordingly it can be cogitate that intense dissemination is macrocosm use in municipal market.In h ouse servant market third dispersion ousts atomic number 18 creation utilize as statistical dispersal interlock which has been shown attached paginate in introduce 2 BM/C/41/22 pageboy 5 radiation diagram 2 current distribution grow in home(prenominal)ated market selling PRINCIPLES soulfulness gild proclaim stool (FELIVARU MAS FIHAARA) fellowship (FELIVARU) fraternity (FELIVARU) WHOLESAILERS (STO) RETAILERS Concumer RETAILERS CONCUMERS CONCUMERS til now a distinct distribution entanglement is been use to give office results to foreign market which is been shown below in propose 3 puzzle out 3 world(prenominal) dissemination net profitCOMPANY (FELIVARU) AGENTS WHOLESAILERS RETAILERS CONCUMERS scattering net naturalise use both by Felivaru and MIFCO (Major competitors) is just intimately analogous. BM/C/41/22 paginate 6 merchandise PRINCIPLES 3. 4 forward motion one-on-one At the import Felivaru use de none as the chief(a) method acting of promotion. thus far gross revenue enhancement promotion are in handle manner been do to clear consumers. The important(prenominal) think of of announce soon utilize is goggle misfortune advertizement. In municipal market the advertisement are currently airy from four incompatible TV plaza (TVM, VTV, Dhi TV, and Raaje TV) for at least(prenominal) 6 quantify a day. in any case Felivaru is the chief(prenominal)(prenominal) friends of TVM give-and-take course of instruction which is on air for 5 generation a day and a show which is considered as a hit. 4 market place overview besides Disku, Roshi, and Kulhi uvaali all an separate(prenominal) carrefour cockle is possible to permit opportunities, just those merchandises Disku, Roshi and Kulhi uvaali has al involvey considered as flops. so its ruin to arrest the fruit of those crossings and keep down on bracing increase to transpose it. 5 jam 5. 1 5. 2 intensiveness 44 days o f endure in producing and exporting canned fish (Felivaru, 2010). heavy cognise in domestic market.The caliber of the intersection pointion fulfil EU received and slightly former(a) external standards. active graft can be apply for drudgery of fast food items in export forest. Enjoys unaffixed trade interior EU zone. thither is a grand stigma committal for our canned fish (Tuna chunks) in domestic market. The one and all manufacture of Fish meal in domestic market. impuissance abundant conte commit with competitors in both worldwide and domestic market. of late spaced from the commence company MIFCO and has been form as a sore company, imputable to the fact the company has non just been nearly structured.Felivaru has brusk or no jazz at all in a way(p)(a) market for selling fast food. alive 7 vessels are non equal to soak up fish from atolls of Maldives. BM/C/41/22 scallywag 7 selling PRINCIPLES line. 5. 3 Opportunities The fork out netwo rk of oil and piddle practically gets delay, causation a deem in toil case-by-case The 8 countries of SAARC nation are sack to express a bare(a) trade ring in betwixt SAARC. Felivaru has an receipts of dictatorial the market of canned fish in this uninvolved trade ring. create process the sound outs in their alike(p) pulverisation p nurtureably of out sourcing it to local printing presses.Increase the come of fish solicitation vessel, which could lead an attach in depict of raw-fish, 5. 4 5. 5 Threats The deed of fish caught all over the Maldives has been falling over the past geezerhood scholarship 2007 ( amuse resuscitate extension 2) The price of diesel engine continues to raise, which had a direct effect on the price of rawfish (please refer supplement 3) The price of Euro () continues to devaluate against Maldivian bills assure 2008, simplification the revenue generated in (RF) rufiyaa (please refer accessory 4) skirt fruit in the call in of Felivaru report issues and opportunities Issues . 5. 1 inevitably to go nether(a) a restructuring curriculum to uprise a theme of not being well structured The companys exist 7 vessels are not enough to collect fish from atolls of Maldives which is dish out over 90,000 organise Km. so either more vessels re required collect fish or could bullied some parade move in fewer areas with a memory mental quickness and the existent vessels can be apply to channelize the composed fish from aim to mill in Felivaru. 5. 5. 2 Opportunities healthy action can be taken against sellers who sells talk through and through ones hat ingathering in their out let beneath both supranational jurisprudence and raw replica right honor realised early this year. excessively cognizance broadcast through indispensable mean could be through to consumer how to BM/C/41/22 rogue 8 merchandise PRINCIPLES break the prepare product. This way could close up the selli ng and purchasing of devise products in the allude of Felivaru. several(prenominal) Could take chances saucy suppliers without depending on one. 6 6. 1 PESTPolitical and profound factors give away add-on on the fortune of GST exporting lobster nerve is prohibit (Visahq, 2012) outside vessels doing sport seek in Maldives is ban under EPA fish constabulary figure 87/5 word 5 (A) (EPA, 2011) hereditary fraught(p) lobsters and young lobsters ( less than 25 CM) taboo (EPA 2011) universal changes in political science barely terminal and line seek can be utilise to catch fish outside the let down of island economic factors The miserliness is reliant on touristry each virtually all the products consume in Maldives are been merchandise from some other(a) countries . 2 6. 3 6. 4 fond and heathen factors festering number of passel who believe womens should not go for work good deal jadet like to work in labor industries close of the muckle are enlightened and more than 95% of populate inhabit how to read and write. bulk of community like westward food and their feeling sort technical factors at that place is not much developing or change in the industry cyberspace is comely recipe BM/C/41/22 summon 9 selling PRINCIPLES 7 Competitors outline 7. 1 doormans atomic number 23 forces toughie 7. 1. 1 Competitor opposition High several(prenominal)Existing companies in the canned fish industry is veneering contention from both domestic and world-wide brands which lead to amplify promotional embody. 7. 1. 2 strength starting motor (Threat of new entrance) low The terror of new entrant is low as colossal coronation is demand to set up a fish canning pulverization and live it. 7. 1. 3 Suppliers low negociate world-beater of Suppliers forgeting be low as at that place are numerous another(prenominal) suppliers in the market who could supply the urine and oil utilise in the ware. t o a fault in that respect are thousands of fishing vessels in the country. 7. 1. 4 Buyers highThe talk terms index of suppliers would be high as on that point are many successors useable in the market. 7. 1. 5 The traverse to substitute high thither are substitutes from other companies like MIFCO which has little or no difference. 8 Assumptions Felivaru expects to increase the army of fish from the new boats or fish assemblage station which would increase the product by 10% to 20%. With the assistant of this increase in issue it is pass judgment to increase the export of chunks by 15%. The prices of oil and water utilize in canned fish doing are judge to be aforementioned(prenominal) except the price of fish is expect to raise 4% during the year. objective The usage of this selling plane is to show Felivaru Lobster Bisque to Maldivian market place on the 40 day of remembrance (7th November). BM/C/41/22 scallywag 10 merchandise PRINCIPLES 10 schema 10. 1 sketch exposition rough outline single(a) Lobster bisque is a creamy and subdued dope up of cut Origin. It contains Milk, Lobster, Wheat, and Clam. The product is knowing in much(prenominal) a way that it except when requires to be het up(p) in high temperature for 3 proceedings in atomise oven (time very on temperature and similarly can be heated in a normal homework store). 0. 2 mastermind market The object market of Felivaru Lobster Bisque can be section to 4 main distinct segments ocean food lovers race who live a engage liveness quite a little who hypnotisms occidental deportment bolt ripen between 15 to 45 However more than 95% of the macrocosm who fits to the above criteria lives in mannish. hence it could be soil that the hind end market for the product is priapic. 10. 3 billet avowal quasi(prenominal) to all other Felivaru products the shibboleth would be GENUIN MALDIVES.Felivaru lobster bisque is the one and only fast food e xclusive in the market and overly the first product cause from lobster in Maldives. hence the product leave behind be marketed in such a way to get the devotion of lobster lovers and dope lovers. excessively a rummy ordinance has been apply to alternate the fuddle in the gunk figure it a way as a proper product. 10. 4 brand schema The brand bod for this product is Felivaru Lobster Bisque. As the Bisque is fudge by Felivaru from lobster the shit Felivaru Lobster Bisque gives a frank and free fellow feeling of what the product is to its customers.The reason fanny choosing an slope spot is or so all plenty in the mug market would derive slope and also by ever-changing the crap of the product Felivaru do not want bring any difference to the dish name converting it in to Dhivehi. correspondingly France is a growth market in Maldivian BM/C/41/22 knave 11 selling PRINCIPLES 10. 5 crop dodge tourism industry and the side name would trace them to this Fr ench pipeline soup and would help them to identify the product. case-by-caseFelivaru Lobster Bisque is a confection and creamy soup of French cable re-designed by replacing the skreak in it with a funny and secret construction to make the product proper apprised to 100% Moslem society of Maldives. The main return of Felivaru Lobster Bisque is its informality and fortress in preparing. simply a 3 morsel alter in microwave and the bisque is piss to eat. The bisque is jam-jam-packed in a shaping loving transfuseful which is 9 edge long and has a diam of 6 inch. The ductile cup is cover with a motif label which gives info about the bisque.In night club to make it easy to get by 24 cups are been packed in a box as a case. 10. 6 set scheme The price of Felivaru lobster bisque is set on per cup basis. Factors such as taxation, approach marketing and cost of production testament be considered during the set of the product. The full(a) price of a genius cu p of lobster bisque is MRF 20/- adding only 2% of profit moulding as the determine dodge set by Felivaru for the product is discernment determine. This is due to the fact that the product is a solely new phase of product for Maldivian market.Due to the fact of law of nature pricing dodging at the present Felivaru do not provide any discount, however when the market part is gained and price of product increases discount testament be effrontery to bulk buyers. 10. 7 scattering strategy The distribution strategy for Felivaru lobster bisque would be selective as the product is the one and only product of its variety in the market. The product would be put in the areas where centre and high level people live. The distribution rout would be same as other Felivaru products discussed in 2. 3 shown in figure 2. 10. 8 promotional strategy 10. . 1 Sponsorship The sponsorship one of the intimately commonplace shows among offspring junction of Maldives a yell contest ai red on TVM. It is anticipate to cost MRF 75000 to 100000. During the show of 1 hour 15 minutes is allocated to Felivaru as a main sponsor for BM/C/41/22 scalawag 12 marketing PRINCIPLES bisque constituent of Maldives publicise the product. too the name of the show would be rebranded to Felivaru lobster INDIVIDUAL 11 windup During the 39 years in the market Felivaru has gained fuck in production of products that suits the sassing of Maldivians.It is anticipate that Felivaru Lobster Bisque in the rising goanna be a major product that generates a immense dimension of profit. Also with this experience Felivaru Plans to prove polar flavors of bisque to the market. BM/C/41/22 rascal 13 merchandising PRINCIPLES 12 References INDIVIDUAL PA, 2011, practice of law of fishing in Maldives online gettable at http//www. epa. gov. mv/images/stories/laws%20and%20Regulations/2011/Fisheries%20%20 fairness%20. pdf EPA, 2011, saved leatherneck keep online operable at http//www. e pa. gov. mv/images/stories/laws%20and%20Regulations/2011/ protect%20Mar ine%20Life. df Felivaru, 2010, dexterity and Infrastructure, online for sale at http//www. felivaru. com/? page_id=35 Felivaru, 2010, Felivaru, online functional at http//www. felivaru. com/? page_id=14 Visahq, 2012, Maldives Customs, online usable at http//maldives. visahq. com/ springer/ BM/C/41/22 rascal 14 MARKETING PRINCIPLES 13 cecal appendage auxiliary 1 (detail of products on Ras Ainu product line) Thera fana INDIVIDUAL Thera fana is a traditional sweet-flavored short eat, do for the peculiar(a) occasions. The product is do from rice flour, excoriation, and adding color in to decorate.The rice flour is obscure with sugar and comment adding hot water in to it. afterward concoction it is isolated in to very lowly peck and each false in to a banknote shape by using hand. afterwards refinement this product leave behind be sun dehydrated to make it crunch. Rihaakuru (Fish paste) Rih aakuru is obtained through hobby a ingenuous but timeconsuming procedure. The displume is the result of hours of homework of tuna in water (rain water most(prenominal) preferable) and salt (to taste), sequence cautiously removing the trash (filleyo) that keeps forming.Once the tuna pieces are cooked and cook to eat or store, they will be take away from the water, as well as the bones, heads and fish guts. The pieces of Tuna, so cooked, get in the end bear on into Maldives fish. The rest fish-soup is unexpended with Bondi(balls of tuna put away scraped off the bones), and is unbroken simmering in low fire until most water evaporates. The resulting difficult fish soup becomes a deep paste which is cognize in Dhivehi as Rihaakuru. The emblazon of the paste varies from light brown (the hoy the quality is high) to Cimmerian brown.

How Will Science and Technology Change Our Lives Essay

The comp mavennessnt part of India to the domain of learning & engine room dates underpin to superannuated times. India had the outperform of the scientists in different sur daring bea of accomplishment and applied lore mathematics, medicine, architecture, astronomy, geometry, chemistry, metallurgy, etc. Aryabhatta was a fifth one C mathematician, astronomer, astrologer and physicist. He introduced the fantasy and attribute for nobody and the tenfold government agency rank outline to the piece of mathematics. Bhaskaracharya introduced Chakrawat rule or the cyclical order to light up algebraical equations. Kanad, a sixth cytosine scientist positive the atomic practical action which tell aparts that the squ ar humankind is do up of anu/atom, which cannot be march on subdivided and they atomic number 18 undividable and indestructible. This is what the modern-day atomic supposition says. In the domain of medicine, India was a appear runne r.Susruta was a open up in the heavens of surgery. Charak, con positioningred the perplex of old-fashioned Indian acquisition of medicine, was the serviceman-class to speak around digestion, metamorphosis and electrical resistance as beta for wellness and so checkup intuition. The scientific discipline of Yoga was develop in ancient India as an associate scholarship of Ayurveda for break up without medicine. India was a start in umteen technologies such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as metallurgy (steel making, iron, zinc, bronze etc) and Architecture. The findings in Moganjatharo acculturation offer witness to this fact. The structures such as campaign tugboat in Delhi, Taj Mahal, Gol Gumbaz, Mahabalipuram, Tanjore Periya Kovil be nigh examples of Indias control in the Architecture. skill and moderne IndiaIndian scientists get to contend a trail(predicate) intent in the ontogeny of India. In the scam embroil of its post-independence ac count India has procured some(prenominal) owing(p) scientific acquirements. Indian scientists eat turn up their sum in the face of multinational sanctions and allow make India one of the scientific powerho uses of the introduction. Sir M. Visvesvaraya, Sir CV Raman, Jagadish Chandra Bose, Subramaniam Chandrasekar, Srinivasa Ramanujam, Homi Bhaba, Vikram Sarabhai argon some of the label leading the dribble of Indian scientists. How engineering cognition impacts tidy sums breeding? applied cognizance affects pluralitys stays by ameliorate medicines, provides better discourse for diseases and insures a nightlong life. It improves superman by dower plenty chance upon from one corner of the world to former(a)(a) in hours by using superman service such as Air instructions, Rail paths, or compensate passel Transportation. innovational technology salmagundid heaps life style and the way they live. For example, today its practical to circuit breaker meshing on TV, finder programs, waver watch TV, and even out up playback live shows. meshing surfing is a technology revolution.Because of that technology, a soulfulness could hit the hay what is fortuity on the separate side of the world. repayable to Internet, it is now possible to say that the world is at your fingertips. new-fashioned discoveries and scientific break by dint ofs such as snap bean the desoxyribonucleic acid work out and map the Genome whitethorn alin concert change the way wad explore even onwards they are born. Diseases that are passed through generations, care diabetes, inveterate diseases may be eliminated from the unborn child. What India should do? period India is unequivocally positioned to use technology for progress, it has in the novel departed lagged hindquarters in the reference and spread of science query. The lead for a heavy science eco-organization ground on a large(p) search theme is the motivation of the hour f or India to buzz off a spheric king house. The delineate to act conquest for India in a globalised knowledge-driven frugality is twist a higher(prenominal) learning system that is sterling(prenominal) in eccentric and pull hike of applicable research in science and technology. To achieve this, the government, universities, companies, proceed capitalists, and other stakeholders should pay back together to enable inquiry and maturation to achieve superiority in the field of science and technology.

Book Report The Corona Project by Curtis Peebles

glory throw off Curtis Peebles, the offshoot US sleuth broadcast, provides readers with new decipherment schooling on how the first-class honours degree the Statesn satellite was utilise for information gathering. by his bear aura Project America s first grass Satellite, the creator provides lucubrate on the save of the satellite schedule by detect the glory drift from the slowly 1940 s until put declassification and cast off exhibition. information. Smithsonian field job and plaza M spendum.Curtis Peebles resumes with the bedrock and makes it easier to understand moderately complicated programs by building readers friendship about what is before long shown in the text. It is non just a corona depict. From the afterwards(a) 1950s to the archean 1970s, Peebles led readers to the regimen sector to compact an internal analyze of the decision-making process of the prexy and other study public directors. whizz of the most spectacular parts of t his set aside is reference to Peebles long-standing person-to-person memos and dialogue by render personnel department. A hand-held gingersnap collected by the condition, depicting separate engineers and other persons complex in the mould. more personalized accessories for ensure related personnelCurtis Peebles provides readers with new decipherment information on how to use the first US satellites for information gathering. Through his book Corona Project America s First Spy Satellite, the author provides details on the birth of the satellite program by observing the Corona childbed from the late 1940 s until project declassification and project exhibition. information. Smithsonian National cable and Space Museum. The main tearaway(a) force of the project came from the launch of Sputnik I. As the Soviet joint seems to be remote away, the authors explain how the project was robbed by the Air Force. They did not use WS - 117L for the development of corona satellites and handed the duties to the CIA It was.The destruction that Peebles break the tale of Corona project was achieved. I digest put that this information is very well-situated and sometimes a bit overwhelming, but it is not touchy to understand. From various tv camera lenses to the overall victor of the Corona project, the author has successfully show the detailed memorial of the project and the tasks performed by the satellite. As an soma analyst, I found that the information provided by the satellite locomote is completely attractive. save one running can be identified from the start of the plan, and just ten-spot years later you can work out the aircraft on the runway. The expectant achievement of this project over the 12 years is definitely improved stop from 40 feet to 6 feet (though it will be 2 feet). This sort of progress, nearly three hundred% improvement has neer been experienced in such a short time.

A bureaucracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

A bureaucracy - Essay ExampleSpecialty is the first characteristic of bureaucracy as outlined by muck Weber. Each employee has official jurisdictional and reinforced areas of work as shown by Office Space in the company Initech. Each clerk has a specialised job description, though some are ranked higher than others, making Webers hierarchy of offices the second characteristic of bureaucracy. Lumbergh in the movie was seen as Initechs head. Webers theory would put him at the top of the benefit. bureaucratism according to Weber had several different levels of management but genuinely few leaders in a pyramid fashion. With Lumbergh at the top, Peter Gibbons was right below him and was followed downwards by Michael Bolton, Samir and Milton. His position at the bottom of the pyramid meant that Milton had no authority over any employee. Due to this pyramid management, employees hold grudges against higher ranked employees. Lumbergh was particularly menial for his leadership role.Bureauc racy should be symmetrical and follow given rules and regulations. Workers at Initech were even instructed on the type of stapler to use and were required to regularly fill out TPS reports. They were expected to dress nicely except on Hawaiian shirt day, as well as regulate their radio usage, get to work on time and park on designated spots. As Weber puts it, Initech used rules and regulations to thrive and operate in a completely predictable fashion. Weber argues that bureaucracy seeks the ultimate technical competence beyond following rules and regulations. Bob and Bob were hired by Initech to evaluate the technical qualification and specialization of its workers thus needed to evaluate the effectiveness all employees.Bureaucracy is not interested in the employee as a person but rather the employees technical competence. Impersonality is confirmed in a bureaucracys work area as Weber deduced. Lumbergh was not

Exam questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Exam questions - Coursework ExampleSince collective bargaining is a process demandly associated with the trade unions, it can be rightly concluded that a illuminate in trade union social status would reduce the collective number of workers the unions represents, and therefore would lead to a decline in the collective bargaining arrange itself. Union membership in the UK was in a consistent decline period from 1979 to 1998, and this can be attributed to a certain set of factors, both direct and key reasons. The direct causes of the dramatic decline of union membership are as below (Millward et al., 2000) Unions fai conduct to gain a bargaining presence where it was necessary in the newly established workplaces, as the British manufacturing industry declined, which led to the establishment of new workplaces The union membership in places where they were previously recognized led to flock leaving the trade unions as a follow up to other. The decline however is not due to these sim ple factors only, there are certain underlying factors which must be identified and critically analyzed in order to complete the study. Firstly, the macroeconomic conditions of UK underwent a change during the decline era, there was massive unemployment which led to a weakened status of the employees who did not want to lose their jobs by undertaking the risk of contradicting the employers, since the number of layoffs were high, this consciously instigated the workers to leave trade unions, thus principal to decline in membership and collective bargaining. Secondly, the legal and institutional policy framework established by the state government led to an automatic decline, since the policies were anti-union and unfriendly, the unions could not reach agreements since they no longer held a powerful position, thus resulting in declining membership. Thirdly, the policies instated by the management itself focused on meeting individual needs preferably than coordinating with the trade unions representative to reach a consensus, this change in policy abolished the need of having joined any trade unions, thereby reducing the membership number by dramatic numbers. And lastly, according to Metcalf, the aggregate number of union membership is not just a function of environmental factors, but it also accounts for the way in which the trade union responds to the environmental changes, and in UK, the trade unions did not respond diligently, while making the recruitment protrude more strenuous, and by ignoring the environmental changes leading to no major changes in the unions agendas, thereby resulting in further decline (Metcalf, 1991, 22). In visible light of all the reasons stated and explained above, it can be rightly concluded that there were major underlying reasons which led to a decline in union membership which simultaneously caused a decline in the collective bargaining process and practices in the United Kingdom, since they are directly proportional to each other. The decline of integrity will inevitably result in the decline of other, because collective bargaining is a practice undertaken by trade unions to meet their objectives, and striking agreements

A business's only responsibility is to maximise financial returns to Essay

A businesss only responsibleness is to maximise financial returns to its a shareholders - Essay Examplenancial returns and profitability would mean to shareholders, the different factors that affect profitability and establish to maximizing shareholder wealth, the examples and evidence of shareholders returns and play along policies and strategies will be analyzed. This essay would highlight the fact that it is a business and high societys primary responsibility to increase profits and improve shareholder financial returns and wealth maximization to maintain the trust of shareholders and investors in the market although there are many factors and controversies twisting as will be discussed.Profitability of a company is measured with the values of return on honor (ROE) and return on assets (ROA). Return on equity reveals the profits a company earns when compared with the total amount of shareholder equity. Shareholder equity represents assets created by retained earnings of busi ness and the capital invested by the owners. Shareholder equity equals total liabilities subtracted from total assets and refers to what shareholders possess. High returns on equity indicates that the company can generate cash internally and higher returns on companys equity suggests better position of the company. For example if a business had a net worth or shareholders equity of $ two hundred million dollars and made a profit of $20 million dollars, the earnings from returns on equity would be 10% (see Omran et al, 2002). Higher returns are positive for the company and indicate valuable returns and profitability for shareholders as well. It is the responsibility of a company to see to it that shareholders get adequate and profitable financial returns for their investments (Robbins et al, 2003/2004). The formula for returns on equity is Net Profit / Average Shareholder Equity for the Period.Asset turnover is an indication of total sales for $1 of assets and return on assets or RO A gives an indication of profits generated by a company for each $1 in assets. Profitability is measured both in

Visual Rhetoric Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Visual Rhetoric - Case Study ExampleVisual rhetoric is the use of images in order to further an argument, and encompasses the analysis of the ocular images and text as well as their arrangement on a page. (www.owl.english.purdue.edu). Through the nature and form of the visual images as well as the fit text that is used, the two images which are the subject of this essay, both convey differing, contradictory messages on the same issue of hoagy control.The first image is a shameful and etiolate cartoon image. Editorial cartoons are communicative tools because the cartoonist makes use of visual symbols for the purpose of communicating with his or her audience. In order to be classified as a visual rhetoric, an artifact must possess three elements (a) it must be symbolic (b) it must involve human interaction and (c) it must be presented to an audience for the purpose of communicating. (Foss, 2004 304). Both the images qualify as visual rhetoric because they are utilized to symbolica lly convey a message on hoagy control and both images involve human characters.The first image is entirely in black and white and utilizes black text on a white background which shows high contrast levels. Since this image is purely in black and white, it utilizes shading in order to heighten contrasts. Lines are clean and simple and the draw creates the effects of light and shadow through strategic shading. The image utilizes approximate symmetry, whereby the calculates are organized around the central fulcrum point on the street, with the family arranged on one side and the odd looking man on the other. The element of stunned surprise and shock of the family of four at the sight of the man with the crap-shooter is conveyed through the backward slanting lines that are used. The larger size of the odd looking man is counter agreementd by the varying sizes of the family. The picture maintains an overall balance with the houses and playground in the background appearing smaller, t hereby conveying the impression of distance. The use of dots and shading on the gun toting individual highlights the impression of general scruffiness, age the clean faces of the family suggest their contrasting nature.The text size is proportionate to the other figures in the image, and has been capitalized in order to make it more distinct and readable in black against a white background. The focal point of the image is the family of six and the odd looking man, however the greater amount of space devoted to the gun toting character suggests the relative importance of this character as the focal point to the whole image. In the second image however, it is color rather than shading that provides elements of contrast. The figure in the image stands out in stark contrast to the pitch black border, which also forms the backdrop for the text. The use of white text on a black background is however, not ideal. This image is focused almost exclusively around the gun, especially by pushin g it directly into the foreground and lighting the scope around it. The background is notably stripped of any distracting elements and is a plain gray background. The picture has been taken in such a manner that it is intentional to draw attention to the gun, which is the subject of the message. The mans hand that is holding the gun is disproportionately large as

FDI Inflow in India through Manufacturing Sector Essay

FDI Inflow in India through Manufacturing Sector - Essay moralAlthough India is an to a lower place developed country and the government has taken all possible flyers to boost up the FDI in all the sectors specially the manufacturing sector. The best econometric feigning which suits the inflow of FDIs in manufacturing sector is Time Series Econometric Model. The variables of time series econometric model are stated belowafter developing the variables, firstly, we need to assess their properties. Its existence both in long and short term is outlined through the time series analysis. Secondly, one unavoidably to find out those variables which are dependent to each other so as to categorize them either in short term or average term basis. Moreover, corrective and appropriate measures need to be taken in selecting the variables because solo some of these variables produce good results in the long run fleck the rest do not. The most important thing regarding the application of thi s model in the manufacturing sector is the data provided. Because in third world or under developed countries like India the manipulation in the data might occur which may create problems in analyzing the real model.The Indian market is very amiable for the foreign investors due to its massive growth in population, economy and various other demographic factors. The Indian government has taken every possible measure to attract the foreign investors and due to this fact stock market of India has attained a new height and its trading volume has grown up exponentially over the last few years, right before the world economy went into a recession (Mehul).In the last 10 years, 27 billion dollars throw away been injected in the Indian economy, most of which was invested in the manufacturing sector, as availability of tawdry labor is one of the key factors that attracts foreign investors.On an average Indias overall manufacturing point of view has attracted investments worth 3.4 billion dollars from 2000 to 2008 in the form of FDI (The Financial Express). There is a huge potential in the manufacturing industry of India and economists estimate more than 12 billion dollars to be injected or invested in Indias manufacturing sector in the next 5 years (The Financial Express). Statistics reveal that India is the fourth largest country in terms of FDI that they are still way behind in comparison with China, to refer to the proportions of FDI in Indias manufacturing industry is around 37 in comparison to 67 per penny of China (Bhanu 3). Although there is a huge potential and flexibility in both the markets but due to the government policies, tax free zones, availability of cheap labor and resources, China finds its way comfortably at the top (Swapna ). Similarly, another important statistic, is comparison between the manufacturing and the service sector. Service sector in India has only been able to attract $2.34 billion of FDI in the past years. To Examine Motives of F DI Inflow in IndiaIndian economy has made huge impact on the world(a) economy being a huge market

Psychology of Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Psychology of Violence - Essay ExampleThough the member does not state Mr Clementi suffered from bullying, humiliation and invasion of privacy as a call forth offense, Mr Ravi delegitimized him by taking all levels of privacy out of his hands. It is considered a sex offense because he broke the solitude Mr Clementi was after, by having the room until midnight, the intimacy of having a sexual relationship with anonymity and the reserve to decide under what terms. These quaternion types of privacy were established by Mr Westin.(DeCew) As the police had already established that Mr Ravi had been bullying Mr Clementi since August, he will be tried for a bias crime. behavioral Psychology is a theory that all behaviors are gained through conditioning classical & operant. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. Classical conditioning have 2 elements, the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response. Operant Conditioning is the association between the behaviour and the consequence for that behaviour. From this conditioning, the learning theory was developed. Negative behaviour can be eliminated by taking away the benefit. A persons behaviour is learned by the consequences which can be external forces. His conscious is changed by the rewards he receives.Mr Ravi is an insecure childly man as a new student as psychologically needing to break his roommate and who needs to make a place for himself in the dormitory. His rear is Indian, so he has suffered prejudices for half of his life in the US. . He might also be questioning his own sexuality which could be common just not part of his own culture. Did he bully Mr Clementi because of his sexual orientation or would he have done so to any roommate?The questions is his bliss in wanting to torture another individual. In putting the streaming of his encounter on the internet, was he showing his jealousy in Mr Clementis ability to coif on stage. Both acts represent the most

Project Management - Communication Plan Assignment

Project Management - Communication Plan - Assignment ExampleThe estimated price for the infrastructure needed for the ten point twist is highly fluctuating, thus we elicitnot put a solid price tag.As the project manager, I have seen it necessary to have the Complete Streets manikin inclusive. This will set an idea that can be backed by the whole community where the building will be located. This sets a structure that can create support for first principle Tech employees and both who want safe, livable urban environments (Barnlund, 2008).Value message The building will function effectively for all involved users ABC Technology, Inc. technical employees, their families and clients. However, some roadways throughout the surrounding will have to be worked on to ensure that they are safe.The Ask Coming up with a clear design and implementation procedures in place so as to ensure that all the building procedure and the necessary tools, equipments and personnel are at a position of o ffering quality service.Vision message Once I manage to do this as the project manager, the ABC Technology, Inc. building will be one of its kind, as it would be both a business and residential hub offering comfort and luxury for both the families of the technical employees and the ABC Technology, Inc. clients they will be

Communication and Leadership Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communication and Leadership Paper - Essay ExampleFor the declare oneself of this disposition, the arguments would use Barack Obama as an orator and a good communicator. It is to imply that the essay would peg the character of chairman Barack Obama and how they qualify him as a good communicator.To light with, it was impressive for President Barack Obama to campaign and articulate issues to the general population from a position of political and historical disadvantage. Historically, the people of African-American descent did not waste the benefit of being able to vote not to mention the ability or the chance to vie for the highest political office in the land. However, during the electric chairial campaigns, President Barack Obama did postulate a running caption and theme which was the basis of his campaigns (Nisbet, 2009). Thus, being able to present the Yes We Can slogan to the general public smacks of excellence in the prospects of good communication skills. Intuitively, the ability to make the general electorate to believe ion the common destiny of a public president and a revived economy implied that as a communicator the president had to articulate and convince the general public to move in the right direction.The second instance and reason which makes it apparent to the communication abilities of president Barack Obama was the style in presidential debates. It is conventional knowledge and wisdom that the then Democrat presidential candidate scored well in the debates over the two concomitant candidate in John McCain and Mitt Romney. Most of the observers noted that President Barack Obama during the debates did put in a lot of effort and income to win the hearts of the heart-to-heart voters in the elections. In all aspects and fairness, he did maintain a positive attitude and respectable smile to the audience of listeners and viewers all over the joined States of America. His body

Consumer Attitude Moulding for Korean car Imports in Australian Market Essay

Consumer Attitude Moulding for Korean car Imports in Australian Market - Essay Exampleative characteristics, here the attitude hierarchy would be cognitive then affect, how the consumer feels or first chose delirious then rational, you will not act on it before you go through a cognitive and emotional process (Foxall, 2002). You will make sure that you look at as many features as possible and go through intense emotional processes, rather of depending on your mood while looking at a car. For example if you have a family you will consider a mini-van over a sofa bed because of the added benefits and features, you will then see if you will enjoy the car, how will your family like it is it giving you the satisfaction you insufficiency, and then you will finally decide on the connotation, whether you want to buy it or not. This goes for all products that require high involvement of the consumer. (Windham & Orton, 2000)As a strategic Marketing manager for a new line of sec Korean cars in Australia I have to consider many things about the product. As a Strategic Marketing Manager I should have in-depth companionship of competitive dynamics and how to integrate marketing strategy into the overall business strategy, I should be adapted to develop Frameworks for analyzing customer preferences and enhancing customer relationships and should be able to Build and manage brand equity with effective market communication. (Chernev, 2007) (Stanford, 2008)Hyundai and its auxiliary Kia are currently the 7th largest car group in the world, just afterward companies like GM, Ford, Toyota, Renault-Nissan, Volkswagen and DaimlerChrysler. It is also one of the fastest rising companies and a formidable rival to Western car makers. With the benefits such as low labour and separate cost in Korea and the governments policies that favour the car industry, Hyundai and Kia are able to price their cars much cheaper and at an affordable cost than Western and Japanese cars. At the same ti me, the company has been able to improve its engineering and quality standard swiftly in recent years,

Electronic money challenges and solutions Essay

Electronic money challenges and solutions - Essay ExampleAs Bill Gate, the founder of Microsoft puts itE-payment or electronic payment is a technique of making proceedings over the internet or some other electronic system. The transaction takes place in the form of secure data transfer from one turn back to the other. The greatest advantage of an e-payment based transaction is the speed with which the transaction gets completed. Other benefits include the ease with which the transaction can be completed the users do non arrive to be physically present to make these transactions and in fact, both buyers and sellers can meet in the electronic market to make electronic transactions using electronic money.There ar various forms of e-payment systems that are in use nowadays. These include credit cards, debit cards, online transfers, wire transfers, e-money like hold Pal, and other modes through which people make payments over the web. Most of these systems are based on a ID and pass word system to protect against unauthorized usage.With an ontogenesis in the magnitude of online applications and systems, there is a growing threat of security issues, vulnerabilities and exposure on the use of electronic transmission, and internet based systems. This has been a strike for companies, individuals, government and law enforcement agencies. Doing transactions online means making payments for the goods and services that are purchased this leads to a need for underdeveloped a mechanism to make these e-payments. This further translates into developing and implementing a security process to ensure that these transactions are carried out keeping the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the systems intact. An e-transaction is as susceptible to fraud as all other transaction, if not more. The fraudsters are many in the electronic world, are dispersed all round the globe, have update knowledge and expertise most the systems and computers, and are attacking to ga in access to, and in many cases, to use the identity, funds and communication of a person in illegal, unethical and undesired way.2.1 surety Issues for E-Money and E-Payment SystemsSecurity of electronic money refers to establishing the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information when it is passed through the electronic system. Some security requirements for an electronic money transfer system are outlined below (British Standards, 2006, p.3)Confidentiality - ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to have access to it.Integrity - safeguarding the accuracy and completeness of information and processing methodsAvailability - ensuring that authorized users have access to information and associates assets when requiredAuthenticity - information should be available to sender and recipient, who must prove their identities to each otherNon-repudiation - assurance/ proof that the convey message was indeed received (ECD, 2007).3.Key Challenges and Re commendations for Electronic Payment SystemsA description of specific risks and challenges of online transactions is provided below.3.1Privacy and

Consumer Behavior case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Consumer Behavior case analysis - Essay ExampleEfficiency in the company will be increased when the customers are able to know about the company via the tease aparts. That will cut on the cost that the company will use on advertising. That in one way will increase efficiency of the companys advertising campaign and in another way increase the positivity of the company. Profitability will increase because of the reduced advertising costs.Halley should hold on to the ride as it has shown benefits to the customers and likewise to HOG. Customers get a great experience during the ride when they get to interact with the other customers and HOG personnel. This in turn is a good marketing strategy, because when the customer is happy the sales will improve. Alternatively, because the rides go on getting better, it would be appropriate just to keep them running rather than do away with them (Fournier 7).The Posse locomotes bring customers unitedly, help them bond and with other customers, together with their HOG staff. Judging from the riders comments, where some talk of finding new friends, as Brad, Marie, and Jim Stephens did. When executives participate in the ride, they get to know about the Halley customers, and to more understand their needs. finished the interactions they have, the executives are able to get the customers opinions and to better understand their view on the product and get to know how best to improve the next brand.The Posse Ride is also a marketing strategy as people get to know about the brand as they get to test the product. The Ride also removes a notion that being a rider is a very funny hobby, as one of the riders commented that her kids did not support her being a rider and sometimes were embarrassed, but after the ride, they have to embrace her being a rider.The Ride has a lot of benefit to the customer in the following areas, ground on the research done from the Posse Ride they get

Merger,Acquisition,and International Strageties Assignment

Merger,Acquisition,and International Strageties - Assignment ExampleIt has been clarified that the merger of the two companies was enhanced by the fact that AMR corporation had previously encountered numerous loses. Therefore, it was within the take up interest to file a case to declare the status of bankruptcy. Therefore, the engagement into a merger concept was seen as one of the best ways that would fix the organizational, financial status back to normalcy.Initially, American airways were recognized as one of the lucrative companies in the airline industry with up to 3100 flights departing from the United States and other contrary parts of the world on a daily basis. An airline company with integrated customers carriers employed over 32,000 aviation personnel. Having played an lively role in human rights network, the organization was rewarded 100 percent by the human right corporation because of the quality index and campaign for the transgender employees. By the line of desc ent of 2012, the airline corporation started feeling the effect of financial turbulence. As such, it was declared bankrupt by the united stain the department of justice to forge in the lead for the merger by the United States airways and form American Airline Inc (Bryer & Simensky, 2002). It was considered a vital step towards reviving the organizational level of competitiveness. Therefore, AMR Corporation applied to Dallas/ stronghold worth court and requested for bankruptcy approval permitting merger to a United States airways group. At first the application was not very successful, but later on court judge Sean Lane intervened the procedure was allowed to continue.Although the two American airline companies were given go ahead to form a merger, coming up with a single certificate took some time while the newly formed organization had already started enjoying numerous benefits. For instance, the merger was perceived to as a knowing decision because it has created an open way

Small Business and Taxation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Small Business and Taxation - Research Paper ExampleTaxes on capital or even on profits reduce incentives for businesses to their efforts in investing in new equipment, increasing their levels of return on investment. Most of the taxes resulting to wayward effects include corporate tax and business rates. These taxes also reduce entrepreneurial activity rate within the UK economy. Again, increased taxes on labor uniform national insurance to the employers reduce the abilities of small businesses to incorporate new staff. This is said to consequently lead to the reduction of headcount by small businesses, especially overdue to the high costs that are associated. Empirical pieces of evidence linking high labor taxation to increased employment or low employment seem to be very strong. From a global scope, the global economy is said to have recorded an annual contraction in 1946 as its first time. Recessions such as the case of the year 2009 were argued to have been the first recessio n during the globalization error. This happened with a widespread downturn, which spread through global trade as well as the connections of financial markets. The credit crunch is believed to have been the main factor that triggered the recession (Kirchhoff, 1996). Credit crunch led to the loss of confidence amongst banks within the banking system, especially in the UK.Other effects caused by the credit crunch involved the collapsing pieces of evidence back lending markets, which resulted from high exposure of banks to vulnerable assets like residential mortgage backed securities.

The Internal Morality of Chinese Legalism Essay Example for Free

The Internal Morality of Chinese Legalism EssayAbstractIt is widely held that there argon no indigenous root in China for the happen of justness it is an import from the West. The Chinese juristic tradition, rather, is bump by truth, as elaborated in old-fashioned Legalist schoolbooks such as the Han Feizi. According to the conventional adaptation of these texts, natural law is a incorrupt and an instrument in the hands of a central ruler who employs law to consolidate and maintain fountain. The ruler is the arising of all law and stands preceding(prenominal) the law, so that law, in the final compend, is some(prenominal) pleases the ruler. This essay postulates, to the contrary, that the instrumentalism of the Han Feizi is more sophisticated and more principled than the conventional reading acknowledges. It suggests that, by examining the text of the Han Feizi through the lens provided by American legitimate theorist Lon Fuller, we can detect an explicit artic ulation of what Fuller called the internal morality of law. The principles of this morality argon elaborated and their brilliance explained. In this way, the Han Feizi is retrieved as a significant reference point for thinking about legal reform in China today.I am indebted(predicate) to Liang Zhiping and David B. Wong for comments on an earlier draft, and to William P. Alford, as ever, for his counsel in thinking about law and legal institutions in China.IntroductionThe rule of law is now usually regarded as an obligatory step to establishing Chinas rightful place in the global residential district. to date it is widely believed that there are no indigenous roots for the rule of law ideal it is an import from the West. The Chinese legal tradition, rather, is rule by law, as elaborated most fully in ancient Legalist texts such as the Han Feizi.The distinction between rule by law and rule of law has many dimensions. Of central importance is the relationship of law and morality. Although no canonical formula exists for the rule of law, a moral ideal lies at the core, however it is specified. In rule by law, in contrast, at least fit to the conventional understanding, law is amoral and an instrument of might. A typical statement is offered by Burton Watson, the respected translator of Han Feis work in English Legalism, Watson says, professed to down no use for morality whatsoever (and similarly for religion and ceremony). It focused on a single problem strengthening and preserving the state.1 In this regard, Watson heeds Arthur Waley, who said that members of the school of law (fajia) held that law should replace morality. Instead of the term school of law, which he regarded as too narrow, Waley referred to members of the fajia as the Amoralitsts.2It is because of this alleged amoralism that Randall Peerenboom can write a 670page adjudge on Chinas long march toward the rule of law and barely mention Han Fei. Peerenboom expresses the conventional fascin ate for Han Fei, law is one instrument in the rulers toolbox for sustaining strong centralized control. Since the ruler is the source of all law, and stands above the law, there are no limits or effective checks on the rulers arbitrary power. In the final analysis, law was what pleased the ruler.3 This view of Legalism is reinforced by a particular reading of Chinese legal history during the period of the Three Dynasties, Chinas bronze age. Liang Zhiping, the eminent legal scholar, claims that the predilection for rule by law, in Han Fei and other Legalists, has its roots in the way law emerged initially in China, namely, as an instrument by which a single clan exercised control over rival clans. Within a system that was inherently unstable law was confabn as the will of the rulers and an instrument of suppression its primary manifestation was in punishment.Hence, the choice of rule by law was the production of an extended and unique cultural development. The legalists merely dev eloped to its extreme the ancient legal model, you who obey my orders shall be rewarded before my ancestors and you who disobey my orders shall be put to end before the spirits of the land.4 These two conceptions of law and legal institutionsrule by law and the rule of laware familiar in the West, although rule by law now has few, if any, advocates. only if one needs to go back only to John capital of Texas, the influential 19th century English legal theorist, for systematic elaboration of rule by law. Western theorists, indeed, might be tempted to look at Chinese Legalists through the lens of capital of Texas, since his work enables us to see a systematic consistence of thought in the Han Feizi.However, this lens, I shall argue, brings some elements of the Han Feizi into sharp focus only at the cost of distorting others. Western theorists need a corrective lens, which is provided by Lon Fuller. In assessing capital of Texass account, Fullers approach is most facilitateful becau se it offers an internal critique, showing that denial of a raise up connection between law and morality is inaccurate to the theory itself. Fullers account does not rest on a semantic analysis of law but on a pragmatic appreciation of legal order as a form of governance. Out of this appreciation, the practical connectionthe inter military action and mutual dependence of law and morality in the everyday work of lawmakers and other collaborative participants in the creation of legal orderemerges even in rule by law properly understood. Thus, Fuller shows how the moral core of the rule of law is present in the generic use of law in society.The moral core of the rule of lawthe thin theory, as it is often called encompasses two key ideas (1) While law is an instrument of political power, law besides constrains power. Hence, law and power are, to some degree, opposed. (2) While law channels political power, law also enables power to be rightly exercised. Hence, law is a source of le gitimation for the exercise of power. How is political power constrained and yet also rightly exercised? The rule of law ideal is that these conditions are met if it is truly the law that governs legal subjects, not the wishes of specific unmarrieds or groups. The ideal is a government of laws, not persons, so the moral core (in a word) is impersonal governance. My thesis is that Han Feis text, the Han Feizi, displays this moral core and thus connects law and morality. I shall argue, indeed, that the Han Feizi advocates a purer form of the rule of law than is offered by many Western theorists. Chinese Legalism did not begin with the Han Feizi, but it is world-widely regarded as the most sophisticated exposition of the theory. I believe it is more nuanced than generations of commentators have acknowledged.It is important to emphasize that my interest is with the rule of law as a legislative, rather than judicial, ideal. This focus is appropriate for the Han Feizi, since it contains no explicit judicial theory (although it has definite implications, as we shall see, for the work of judges). That federal agency that the vision of law in the Han Feizi is incomplete. On the other hand, most Western theorists neglect the legislative ideal, and many mis takenly believe that judicial independence (or the separation of powers) is sufficient for establishing the rule of law.I shall suggest that, at least for the legislative ideal, expenditurey indigenous Chinese sources for the rule of law exist. Contrary to Watson and Peerenboom, I argue that the Han Feizi intends to link law and morality. But I should say from the beginning that this essay is not an attempt to recapture Han Feis conscious motives or point of view. It is an attempt to retrieve a text for contemporary understanding and use. Admittedly, this effort runs the risk of literary misprisionwillful, not to say creative, misreading. But recovering the rich history of Chinese legal thought seems to me worth that risk. It is often said, with good reason, that successive Chinese emperors followed the Legalist template set out by the Han Feizi. If it turns out that the Han Feizi carries a different message from the one it is usually taken to convey, the imperial history whitethorn have to be re-examined to determine when it followed the template and when it did not.5 I Rule by law Han Fei and John AustinThe conventional reading of the Han Feizi pictures law as an instrument in the hands of the ruler. This could mean different things. Instrumentalism is sometimes construed to mean that rulers use law only if and when it suits their purposes it is employed (or not) at the rulers discretion to achieve the rulers own desires or ends. In this construction, law does not have any special pride of place, and certainly nought beyond a fortuitous connection to moral value. On any particular occasion, if a ruler fails to realize his or her will by the use of law, an alternative instrument of govern ance could be deployed. Lets call this ad hoc or strategic instrumentalism. This is not rule by law, as I understand it. Rule by law meets at least one and possibly two conditions missing from ad hoc instrumentalism. Most importantly, the commitment to rulesfixed standards of general applicabilityis not ad hoc they are the rulers chosen mechanism of governance. Thus, the commitment to rules is deliberate and firm, and the instrumentalism is consistent and principled.This commitment, we shall see, introduces a variety of self-imposed constraints on lawmaking and secures the connection between law and morality. Second, the rules promulgated are not necessarily intended to serve the lawmakers personal desires or ends. They may serve common ends, or they may permit (or enable) subjects to pursue ends of their own. In that event, we move from a minimal to a morally robust instrumentalism. If the rules facilitate the credit line of ends other than those of the lawgiver, principled instru mentalism transitions into the rule of law.Although the Han Feizi is conventionally read as committed (at worst) to ad hoc instrumentalism or (at best) to a consistent but minimal instrumentalism, I shall argue in section III that many of the essays that make up the Han Feizi advocate a robust principled instrumentalism. For this reason, it will be helpful to examine for the first time a systematic statement of the minimally instrumentalist view. John Austin is more clearly committed to minimal instrumentalism, because his aims were more academicto elaborate a systematic theorywhereas Han Fei wished to provide practical advice to rulers. A consideration of Austin enables us to grasp what coherence the minimally instrumentalist view has.Like Han Fei, Austin aimed to be a realist about law, to examine actual facts in the world. That led him to trace the existence of law to the exercise of power. Accordingly, the proper understanding of law is genetic. In the strict sense, law is a co mmanda wish expressed by a determinate person or body possessing supreme power in an organized and independent society, backed by the credible flagellum of a sanction (i.e., pain) in the event of noncompliance. Why does the credible threat of a sanction make a law binding?Austin was a voluntarist about law as he was in theology. The avocation to obey a command rests not on its conformity to an independent moral standard but simply on its emanating from a preponderant power. To have a duty to act is to be compelled to act. It is only by the chance of incurring evil, that I am bound or obliged.7 Thus, whether divine or human, law makes its fashion within a relationship of dominationa pucka (in power) issuing orders to an inferior (in power), where the former has the capacity to compel the latter to act by means of a threatened evil, i.e., pain. The duty is legal if it is issued by a political sovereign, moral if issued by God.Hobbes observed that the conditions for a social contra ct obtain if persons are of roughly equal ability, for then they acquire an equality of hope in having their respective claims satisfied. But in circumstances where a clear supremacy of power lies in one individual or body, no question as to the proper distribution of duties and rights arises. The distribution of duties and rights naturally parallels the distribution of power.8 That, obviously, is Austins view as well. The foundation of law is force or the threat of its use.To have a duty, therefore, in Austins quaint phrase, is to be obnoxious to the superordinate words threat. Obnoxiousness is determined by one of two empirical facts either the extent to which the inferior party is motivated by veneration of the sanction, or the likelihood that the superior party will carry out its threat. While the pursuit of pleasure is as much an ultimate spring of human action as the avoidance of pain, the latter is more to be relied on than the former. The certainty and severity of threatene d pain, in the event of noncompliance to the superiors commands, are defining features of legal (as of moral) order.Since the definition of law stipulates nothing about the content of the superiors wish, law may have any content whatever and still be binding. The separation of law and morality is secured might makes right. Thus, law is imperative, preemptory, morally arbitrary, coercive, and an instrument of domination. It also, as we shall see more fully in a moment, aims above all at stability and order. By definition, Austins sovereign is not subject to a superior power and hence does not have any legal duties. (By the aforesaid(prenominal) token, the sovereign does not have any legal rights, either.) Austin formulates this point most sharply by sight that every government is legally despotic.9 This is a provocative way of saying that its power is legally unlimited it stands above the law and can make, or unmake, any law whatever.It is not misleading to say the sovereign is sel f-legitimating, as long as we keep in mind that legitimation comes not from upstanding a standard of legitimacy but from the successful exercise of supreme power. Yet one of the virtues of Austins writing is that it is richer than the genetic definition of law would lead one to expect. (Failure in the legal literature to appreciate the richer analysis is the same kind of failure one finds regarding the Han Feizi.) Exploring some of this richness will help us develop a critique that illuminates the Han Feizi. Austin actually formulates three distinct definitions of lawin addition to the genetic there are egg and purposive definitionseach of which meshes imperfectly with the others.The formal definition appears when Austin stipulates that a command is a law only if it has the attribute of generality, that is, it must refer to a class of acts to be done or avoided, not a single action. Particular or occasional commands are not laws in the strict sense.11 This term is sensible, sinc e modern law typically consists of a body of standing rules, not extemporaneous orders. It shows that Austin thought of legal order as a system, or at least a set, of rules. But in relation to the genetic definition, it is completely unmotivated nothing in the meaning of command requires it.At the same time, the implications are profound. The addition of generality represents a significant departure from personal command and toward impersonal governance. It commits the lawmaker to acting in certain ways in as yet unknown cases. And, by grouping actions into classes, it produces a degree of uniformity of treatment across persons. So, with generality, the picture of a compliant inferior hobby the wishes of a superior recedes to a significant degree.These implicationsuniformity across persons and prior commitment in unknown casesindicate that certain formal features of laws may have moral import, and I shall say more about them in a moment. With law understood as a self-conscious inst rument of domination expressing the wishes of a (human) sovereign, it is only to be expected that Austin would stress the potential divorce between the content of promulgated laws and the requirements of morality. The existence of law is one thing its be or demerit is another.12 But if law itself, simply as a body of general rules, has moral import regardless of its content, we have taken an important step toward a robust instrumentalist account of law.The richness of Austins analysis is even more evident in his purposive definition. In its most general and comprehensive sense, he says, a law is a rule laid down for the guidance of an intelligent being by an intelligent being having power over him.13 Asymmetry in power is central for Austin, as we have seen, but intelligent guidance introduces a different dimension. Austin followed Locke in thinking of law as a human contrivance, establishing relations between rational beings. But the idea of intelligent guidance has implications A ustin was hesitant to pursue. He recognized, for example, that the concept of command precludes ex post facto rules, since an utterance cannot constitute a command if the action required cannot be performed. Yet to acknowledge this conceptual point would be tantamount to placing a limit on sovereign power an ex post facto pronouncement would not be a law, even though it possessed all the other features of the genetic definition.14 Further, such acknowledgement would be the first step on a slippery slope. It would allow one to say that other pronouncements of the sovereign are also not laws, for instance, ones that are not clear in meaning. How could an obscure or incoherent utterance provide intelligent guidance to human conduct? Or an utterance that was not made public? Or that kept ever-changing? These implications are precisely the ones pursued by Fuller in developing what he called the internal morality of law. Before turning to Fuller, however, we should pause to ask why Austin recoiled from the implications of his purposive definition and instead adhered to the idea of law as an instrument in the hands of a supreme person or body exercising power over others.My hypothesis is that rule by law in its minimalist variant was important to Austin for two related reasons the fear of disorder and the uncertainty of morality. Both of these were reflected in Austins ambivalence about the expansion of democracy in England in the early 19th century. He saw little possibility, at least in the foreseeable future, of achieving the educational and mental improvement of the general population that he regarded as a requirement of democratic government. As a result, according to John Stuart Mills account, Austin developed an indifference, bordering on contempt, for the progress of popular i.e., democratic institutions.15 In addition, Austin believed that common moral opinion was so fractured, so full of partiality and prejudice, that ordinary people cannot be trusted to a ct decently. What makes government by a powerful ruler necessary and expedient is the uncertainty, scantiness, and imperfection of the moral beliefs people espouse.Hence the necessity for a common governing (or common guiding) head to whom the community may in concert defer.16 The resonance of these passages with much of the Han Feizi, or at least the conventional reading of it, should be apparent. Lack of confidence in the capacity of human beings to govern themselves makes it necessary to have a sovereign whose will provides common directives that are easily discernible and effective. If people are allowed to follow their natural propensities, they will engage in all manner of disorderly behavior. Social order requires stable external direction by means of the threat of force.Thus, the solution to the problem of social orderHobbess problemis managerial direction (to use Fullers term). Without top-down control, matters are likely to get badly out of hand. The exercise of control in Austins case, of course, is thought of as benign. The goods of order and unity are taken for granted. The power of the superior is canvassed, not in terms of personal wishes or even class interests, but its efficacy in producing the steadiness, constancy, or uniformity that every society needs. Thus, Austinlike Han Fei, as I shall arguemakes sense of law in practice as an instrument in the hands of a single individual or mandarin elite with the competence and requisite disinterestedness to attend to the public need. To that extent, Austins theory is a pure expression of rule by law.