Motivation and emotion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Motivation and emotion - Assignment Example Motivations are sometimes called instincts, and they help us survive. Emotions are expressions of selves and they are indicators of feelings and psychological dispositions of persons. To understand more of them, questions were posed and then answered. Do you consider yourself a sensation seeker? Why or why not? What are the advantages and disadvantages of your level of sensation seeking?   According to the Sensation Seeking Scale by Zuckerman, I found out that may level is high. This means that I am more adventurous than most people. According to psychologists, individuals with high SSS enjoy new experiences, and they engage in more risky sports, occupations and hobbies. These individuals also seek variety in sexual experiences and drug experiences (Atkinson, 1993). They also have less phobias, prefer exotic foods and gamble more. Basically, being a sensation seeker is being a risk taker. The main advantage of this trait is that learning is very concrete and hands-on. As they say, learning is not limited to the four walls of the classroom and by experiencing new things, learning is optimum. This is because the sensory faculties get stimulated. It was noted that sense stimulation increases one’s ability for normal perception and intellectual functioning.

“There Is No Truth in Advertising.” Discuss Essay Example for Free

â€Å"There Is No Truth in Advertising.† Discuss Essay Advertising is omnipresent and inescapable in today’s world. It is claimed that an average person is exposed to 2000 advertisements every day. Due to its all-pervasive nature, advertising has a huge impact on our minds, both consciously and unconsciously. However, the credibility of today’s advertisements should be questioned. As media companies and advertising agents become increasingly profit-driven, advertisements now contain false information, promote biased ideas and sometimes even deveice consumers, in order to sell products. Even some non-commercial advertisements are not telling the complete truth, in order to grab people’s attentions. Many advertisements tend to tell â€Å"partial truth† about their products, which equates to false information that would mislead viewers. To increase revenue and maximise profits, advertising agents use the tactic of â€Å"partial truths† that make use of viewers’ assumptions. Advertising agents skillfully design the advertisements that will only reveal the seemingly appealing characteristics of the product, and deliberately leave the necessary elaboration and explanation, which is the other half of the truth, unmentioned. An advertisement for some cat food purported that it contains a substaintial level of phosphorus, which would lead the viewers to think that more phosphorus is good for cats. But what the advertisements did not mention was that cats actually do not need phosphorous in their diet. Another cigarette advertisement in Bangladesh said that smoking helped to relieve the pain of giving birth, which is true because somking decreases the size of babies. Its detrimental effect on babies was deliberately ignored by the advertising agent. These â€Å"partial truth† are not truths at all. They are misleading lies which, if the consumers believe blindly, may even harm their health. Also, advertisements always ignore the moral truth of gender equality. They contain some stereotypes about gender roles most of the time. While men are usually portrayed as strong and masculine, women are almost always depicted as fragile, weak and feminine. Some advertisements convey the idea that women should devote a lot of money, time and effort into the pursuit of ideal beauty, to please men. There is even objectification of women that turns women into things and objects, which is dehumanising and unrespectful. One advertisement writes â€Å"If I did not lose 49 pounds, I could never be married by now†, which is saying that women should focus on their figure in order to find a husband. Another beer advertisement turns a lady into a robot that contains beer in its belly. While these â€Å"innovate† advertisements may be effective in promoting the products, they are without doubt instilling people with the wrong idea that women and men are not equal in this society, that women is somewhat inferior, which are not the truth. [However, they do reflect and reinforce existing ideas of gender roles and inequality, which is the sad reality. ] Furthermore, advertisements deceive us into believing that by buying certain products, we are able to obtain a desirable lifestyle, gain social status or get into certain social community. Advertisements are not selling merely products, but also the lifestyles, ideas, calues and status that the company want to associate the product with. By constantly linking the products with a certain lifestyle, the advertisements make the consumers believe that buying the product is one easy way to get that desired lifestyle. For instance, Louis Vuitton’s advertisements always show celebrities holding their handbags, enjoying themselves on holiday. This makes many nouveau riche think that having one of such bags would get themselves into the moneyed class and the lifestyle of the rich. However, it is without doubt that buying certain products does not change who you are or where you belong to. It is just a deception created by the advertisements. Some people may argue that advertisements for some cutting-edge technical products that truly benefit people, such as tablets and smartphones, do contain truths. I do not deny that these advertisements do contain some facts, such as the new features of the products, the improved functions and so forth. However, being advertisements, they are more or less exaggerated in order to achieve the ultimate goal of selling. Advertisements of this kind, such as the advertisement for the new iPad, always contain the key words like â€Å"all new†, â€Å"revoluntionary† or â€Å"unprecedented†, but never mention the limitations and the flaws [built-in obsolescence]. Only after a few months when the company launches a newer model would it start to point out what flaws the previous model has. This is the nature of advertising. There is no complete truth. Non-commercial advertisements are believed by many to be absolute true. They argue that these advertisements campaigning for good causes have no motive to lie. However, in order to create greater influence and to raise people’s awareness, non-commercial advertisements also tend to exaggerate and oversimplify the situation. For instane, the advertisements that help Project Hope in China to raise fund often show children who are eager to learn sitting in shabby wooden classrooms, dressed poorly. Though there are many children like this in the rural area, not all of them are passionate about learning, and not all classrooms are in such poor condition. In order to grab public attention, these advertisements are wise to show the pooresr scene to the public. But this kind of oversimplified version is definitely not the complete truth. [emotional manipulation] In all, advertising by nature aims to grab public attention. In oder to do this, there is always some extent of exaggeration. This is how advertisements work. As long as there are no false information or deceptions that mislead people, advertising with some extent of exaggeration is acceptable. People should learn to be discriminating views ant not just believe advertisements blindly.

The Great Depression in America :: essays research papers

The Great Depression I interviewed my great-grandmother, May Artz, for this project on the great depression. She was born on March 26, 1916. She is currently 84 years of age and lives in Brookhaven retirement home in Brookville, Ohio. She grew up in Springfield, Ohio during which she attended schooling through the sixth grade. She worked as a house wife all her life taking care of her thirteen children. While living at home she doesn't remember much about the roarin' 20's, but she does have some vivid memories of the depression in which she endured. Her mother died of scarlet fever when she was only a young girl, but her father remarried before she was out of the house. Her stepmother would hire her out as help for people to assist with the financial aspect of the families needs. One of these jobs was for a man by the name of Floy Artz. He was a farmer and needed help on the farm, so May was hired as assistance. They grew together and were married. He was quite a bit older then her, but they were truly in love. Like I mentioned earlier they had thirteen children. The biggest reason for having this many kids was they were needed as workers on the farm because they couldn't afford to hire help. She told me that they used to buy flour in big burlap bags since the family was so large. They couldn't afford to but cloth for making clothes or to go to the store and buy some. With a lot a creativity she made clothes out of the empty flour bags. The burlap made durable cloth and it was free. On a nice day in the fall one of their daughters was starting school. She wanted to say good-bye to her father, so she went to the barn to find him. She ended up getting kicked in the head by a horse and died later that day. She said, "the family was sad, but it only made that much stronger and closer." She spoke of people coming closer together and learning to appreciate things a lot more. Living on a farm was an advantage because they could produce their own food and milk, so at least they wouldn't starve. She said they had a hard time selling the crop though because no one could afford it or they were farmers also and didn't need food.

Feasibility Study Sample Food Cart

FEASIBILITY STUDY CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This feasibility study aims to rationalize information of a proposed business in order to provide a clear rationale of basic factors in marketing which includes the strength and weakness in a venture and the opportunity and threat that is presented by the environment. Background of the Study Food is the primary necessity in the world. It is usually of plant and animal in origin which is consist and contains essential nutrients ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. Historically, food is secured through hunting and agriculture like farming and animal raising. By that time, food is not yet a trend in the worlds industries. Nowadays, food industry supplies the world populations consumed food energy. The industry is supported by intensive farming and industrial agriculture to continually supply the global demand for food. The emergence of food production industry has been a large break for companies and entrepreneurs to grab the opportunity of global need of food. Such businesses like restaurant and food production, manufacturing, and processing has arise. These businesses did establish a development in every product in order to give the consumers a better product. These matters now triggered the public to establish standards in buying and purchasing food products. Then quality in food now gives the challenge to the business to essentially sustain the stability of sales in the market. In the Philippines, the Department of Food and Drugs is the agency that monitors, examines and studies the quality and standards of food and drugs as a part of protecting the public’s health and safety in consuming food products. Because of the rapid growth in the field of food business, from single product, marketing experts has come up with the idea of food product variations in order for them to withstand the competition. Variations come into different approaches in catching the attention of the consumers. Flavor is one variation that happens to be so much effective. Included in the variations in flavor is the taste of the consumers, like in the Philippines where there are a lot of tourist visits the country, the need for different kinds of cuisines is in demand. Example of which are the traditional foods in different countries like European, American, and the famous Asian cuisines such as Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Malaysian. Another is the target age as a variation of products. The tough competition has given the marketing experts to look for other ways to reach and attract people. They come up with the idea of advertisement. They advertised their products through televisions, radios, flyers, billboards, and even in the internet and many more which uses icons like popular television personalities, famous sports individual or team, and even the owners themselves. This marketing strategy has affected the market effectively not only in the country but internationally. Because of the progress in the food industry which only the companies have acquired to offer, they have the majority control of the price of retail. This is why the government has established another agency except from the BFAR (Bureau of Food and Drugs). The DTI (Department of Trade and Industry) is the agency that monitors the prices of the products to maintain fairness in between the buyers and the manufacturers or dealers. They avoid products from being overpriced. The small scale businesses and entrepreneurs found an opportunity in the food industry through purchasing and producing their own food products. This has been rapidly grown, where there were so much of pioneers in a certain product concepts in order for their business to be uniquely different from the others. The opportunity and trend in the industry has given the idea to the proponents to serve the consumers a new food product that will catch the public’s taste preferences from trying this kind of bread. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of Roll&Wrap Bread House, foods in Calasiao to provide a distinctive way in serving a delicacy of differently unique style in affordable yet quality food product from a different line. CHAPTER II PROJECT SUMMARY This part of the study introduce about the features of the proposed business. Including the history, goals and aims, description of the project, feasibility criteria, mission and vision statements and particularly the basic outcome of studying the business proposed. Name of the Enterprise In business world, one of the most relevant things that business should have is the business name. It has the greatest influence on the amount of business it will attract. Roll&Wrap Bread House will be the name for the approaching business. As the name bring about, â€Å"Roll† means to say that it is a piece of bread that is rounded and usually a small size. Besides, â€Å"Wrap† means to fold as cover as roll does. Considering the name, Roll and Wrap was formed which really fits to the business enterprise as it produce and market different varieties of roll and wrap bread. Roll&Wrap Bread House is easy to put in mind. The name itself was referred what the business is all about. This will help the consumers get to know further about what the business is trading. This business logo shows the rolled bread with a bread roller to really expose what the business brings about. The images itself with its matching color are for the combination of simplicity and attractive logo. Description of the Project Roll&Wrap Bread House is a bread enterprise where all customers are very much welcome to buy an extraordinary tasty bread with different varieties of fillings. This business will provide good quality of raw materials that combine performance and valued prices that are distinct from other competing products. The product will be categorized by its different bread fillings and distinct sizes such as bite size. In this case, bread shop is valuable and necessity for those people who loves to eat bread and this considered as side dish. This business will be able to give the best bread filling too, that might people love most including the common fillings. This business provides the affordability of the product for the consumer from the exclusive to ordinary people. This business will put up into the particular place and in a crowded area to make sure of making more consumers. The project will be advocate by those people who are intentionally and get to use to know about the situation from the consumers who are tight in budget. The business will manufacture breads that have particular different kind of tasty bread fillings and adorable appearance. Mission Statement Roll&Wrap Bread House should continuously manufacture this kind of business enterprise to be able to become one of the popular bread stores in industry by accommodating to its competitive environment. This could be occurring by indicating its mission statement. Roll&Wrap Bread House mission is to produce delicious bread products, to accomplish the good service and meet the exact expectation price of the consumers and by innovating the other features of the said product. Vision Statement Roll&Wrap Bread House is looking forward to be more popular in the fields of this business as the future comes constantly. Roll&Wrap Bread House envisions itself to be most prominent bread shop in the country and to give rise for new ideas to adapt in today’s changing world. Goals and Objectives The business goals and objectives are as follows: †¢ To provide a distinctive way in serving a delicacy of differently unique style and flavor of the product. †¢ To promote a profitable enterprise that meets the customers needs. Long-range Objectives †¢ To spread the business all over the country. †¢ To gain 50% loyalty of consumers in a month. †¢ To increase the company's market share. †¢ To rise the profits in a year. Feasibility Criteria Roll Bread House is a bread house that support to the responsibility of having a good taste on the people most especially for those who like very much to eat bread. One of the aims of this project is to promote a nourishing bread snack but also good services for those people that would like to buy the said product. When it comes to choosing project it is important to know how much it takes and whether it is marketable in the marketplace. Furthermore, this business will establish not only to find more profits and earn more money but also to give distinct service especially to the product that may contain good and healthy ingredients that could benefits to the consumers. Form of Ownership The proposed business will be managed by owner who has the ability and knowledge in business world in collaborative operation and can handle any problem. This will be relevant in organizing a business to get the ideal outcome of the enterprise for the consumers. Location The proposed business enterprise will be established in Poblacion East, right at the town of Calasiao in front of the Calasiao Central School. Brief History of the Project This project was started to a collaborative mind-set of each member of the group wherein the bread was selected to be the main factor until it come up to Roll Bread House. The proponents taught that this would be better to sell, on a specific place including urban places or in the City because of its affordable prices and good taste. Project Timetable Status As the business established from the very first time in industry, this may become popular and introduce to all consumers. Therefore, when time is getting longer as it started, the project expected to be more prominent in industry and to continuously give the best products for the customer wants. Furthermore, the project will be able to make innovations at certain time. Nature of the Industry Roll Bread House is a fine and pleasant business. The good one is that this business will continue to grow and succeed when the target aims are reached. The possible problem in business world is that competitors are being existed as common. So far, nothing to worry about when competition is present when the business has the potential to raise more than the expected goals. The business can be easily managed as it requires economically resources. Primarily, this kind of business even it gradually exists in industry, the most important is that it makes consumer attract instantly. Mode of Financing and Investment Cost The mode of financing is clearly come from the partnership of Aurora, Uson and Casem due to their patient in saving money for the project. The business is just simple but not that pretentious one. The estimated cost of the total business is ____. Funds will be allocated as follows: food kart P15,000. 00 Total price of the equipments P150,000. 00 MaintenanceP18,000 Store renovationP10,000 Raw MaterialsP20,000 Total

Catholic Reformation Outline!

Bipin Pant AP Euro Thesis Statement While the ultimate objective of the Catholic Reformation was to recognize and spread Catholicism. Some aims, methods, and degree of success of the catholic reformation in the 16th century were activities of the Jesuits, the revival of papacy and the Council of Trent. Activities of the Jesuits Established highly disciplined schools The Jesuits took over in catholic universities and by 1600 they were the most famous educators in Europe Propagation of the catholic faith among non-Christians Francis Xavier spread ideas and influenced other countries like JapanThe revival of papacy Pope Paul III (1534-1549) was the turning point to the revival of papacy Appointed a reform commission to study the condition of the Jesuits and summoned the council of Trent A Colloquy was held at Regensburg to settle religious tension peacefully Cardinal Caraffa was chosen pope as Paul IV (1555-1559) Council of Trent Problems such as outbreak in plagues, war between France and Spain, and changing of popes occurred The ladder group wan and only the church could interpret Scripture Both faith and good works worked for salvation he catholic church entered a new phase of its history Conclusion In conclusion, the catholic reformation's main goal was to proceed with Catholicism and some of the aims, methods, and degree of success of the catholic reformation were the activities of the Jesuits, the revival of papacy and the creation of the council of Trent. All these events led up to the new world that we live in and some of these events enhanced our education and our knowledge for the world and its view of life. What comes next? Motives of expanding land and â€Å"The new world†.

Alternative Tempest Essays - English-language Films, Fozzy

Alternative Tempest Essays - English-language Films, Fozzy Alternative Tempest The Alternative Tempest The play opens with a group of drunken Muppets from Italy, Gonzo, a blue monster thing with a bent nose, the King of Naples, Kermit a green frog with massive eyes, sailing home after the marriage of his daughter to the King of Tunis. They were drunk because they had previously been over to France on a 'booze cruise' in search of the duty frees. During the voyage the weather suddenly got a lot worse but nobody noticed because they were soused out of their tiny minds, apart from this weird bloke with a really tiny head that nobody know his name. He hangs around with a pink elephant, or so they thought! The ship tips from side to side and the puppets, oops I mean people on board don't jump off, they fall off and somehow float to shore. From this point onward, all the action occurs on the island. In the second scene, we meet Fozzy Bear, the former Duke of Milan. Fozzy explains to his daughter, Miss Piggy, how he was constantly high on 'Junior Disprol' and cheap orangeade and so he lost his Dukedom twelve years previous. His brother, the Swedish Chef who had received financial help from King Gonzo, had overthrown him. Meanwhile, Dr Bunsen Honeydew, (a genius scientist with a head that looks exactly like a big, green melon) had ordered an old nobleman to, Rowlf (a big dog with a passion for playing on his saxophone) to abandon Fozzy Bear and his young daughter out at sea in a leaky boat. Rowlf however was feeling sorry for them and provided food, drink and a bit of totty on the side to keep them busy. On shore Fozzy and Miss Piggy had found one other inhabitant, his name was Animal, a demented red furred monster that seemed to take a fancy to Miss Piggy. At first Fozzy liked Animal and decided to educate him until he tried 'it on' with her and Fozzy had no choice but to give him a damn good kicking. Fozzy Bear had also found a rat-like creature that said he was a spirit but had been imprisoned in a tree. Fozzy had to set him free by swinging Animal around his head and smashing him onto the tree, thus destroying it. Rizzo the Rat had to promise to obey his commands as a condition of letting him out, otherwise he would let Animal eat him. Still under Fozzy's commands Rizzo lures Dr Honeydew's son, Clifford, away from the rest of the group and towards Fozzy's cell but when Clifford lays eyes on Miss Piggy he thought WellI haven't had 'any' for a while now and she's not too bad. She fell in love with him but only because she had never seen a man her own age before. Fozzy's match-making plan was working and to get them even more together he decided to put difficulties in their way, as he knew that his daughter would do the opposite of anything her father tells her to do. Accordingly, in spite of Miss Piggy's pleas for mercy Clifford is apprehended as a prisoner and condemned to give Animal piggyback rides round the island to stop him pestering Fozzy's daughter. In the meantime, Dr Honeydew reckons that his son has been in an accident involving whipped cream and a hamster and is filled with grief. Rowlf tries to comfort the doctor but is irritated by what he regards as false optimism. Their search for Clifford has tired them out and they are forced to lie down and rest. While they are asleep, the Swedish Chef, the current Duke of Milan, suggests to Sam the Eagle (he was called that because, well he was a bird), that they kill Doc Honeydew and seize his throne. Rizzo the Rat, however, has heard their plotting and wakes up Rowlf in time. The Swedish Chef and Sam the Eagle claim that they drew their Uzis to protect the sleeping party from wild animals. Their story is believed and the royal party moves on to continue the search for Clifford. Andy and Randy Pig, the Jester and the butler give Animal some cheap booze from France and he

Romeo and Juliet Act3 Scene 1 Essay Example

Romeo and Juliet Act3 Scene 1 Essay Example Romeo and Juliet Act3 Scene 1 Essay Romeo and Juliet Act3 Scene 1 Essay What happens in Act 3 Scene 1? It is a crucial scene, a turning point and it determines the rest of the action. It is a tense and exciting scene for the audience and tragic at the same time. In this scene, soon after Romeo and Juliet secret marriage, Tybalt kills Mercutio and then Romeo kills Mercutio to take revenge. Then, Romeo is banished from Verona. Paragraph1: Why were tension and excitement created? Mercutio is not in a good mood but he is in argumentative mood, he seems angry. The audience is prepared for the fact that a fight is going to occur (tension and suspense are built). He tells Mercutio that if someone is in a bad mood, everything even an unimportant cause will end to a fight. Benvolio is warning Mercutio that because it is a hot day he is sure there will be a fight (and if we meet we shall not scape a brawl-Benvolio). He suggests Mercutio that they should go home. The strong use of vocabulary and personification here increases the tension. for now, these hot days, is the mad blood stirring, Benvolio). We know that a fight is inevitable. The use of symbolism with awhiskers in beards, cracking nuts etc make the audience even more worried for what will happen after (thou, why, thou wilt quarrel with a man that hath a hair less in his beard than thou hast, Mercutio). When Tybalt arrives, the atmosphere immediately changes, becoming much tenser, because of his dangerous reputation, yet he remains polite to Mercutio as Mercutio is not his real target. Mercutio uses provocative language towards Tybalt and Tybalt reacts in a similar way (make it a word and a blow, Mercutio) (you shall find me apt enough to that sir, an you give me a reason, Tybalt) Tybalt tells Mercutio with irony that he hangs out with Romeo, so Mercutio gets angry and threatens. It is evident that he will not withdraw calling him aa villaina (Romeoa ¦ thou art a villain, Tybalt). This is a great insult to Romeo who is of noble birth. He tries to start a fight with Romeo and he accuses Romeo to antagonize him in the hope of starting a fight. The audience adopts negative feelings towards Tybalt.

Literacy is key to success at work - Emphasis

Literacy is key to success at work Literacy is key to success at work Poor literacy at work is still a major problem, new research has found. The report, Literacy: State of the Nation, examined the UKs literacy levels both in schools and in the workplace. While a quarter of young people see no connection between reading and success, the research results made the link clear. Two-thirds of men and three-quarters of women with low literacy levels had never received a promotion. The knock-on effect could be costing the rest of the country too, according to the National Literacy Trust, which published the report. The findings are extremely worrying, says Jonathan Douglas, the Trusts director. It is estimated that poor literacy costs the economy 2.5bn a year. Worrying indeed.

Formation of a Contract Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Formation of a Contract - Case Study Example She asked Janet if she was willing to sell her car for 3000 which she agreed. Janet told Barbara that she would sell the car to her for 3000 if she paid in cash and asked her to come over the following day to see it which she did. The contract between Barbara and Janet was concluded immediately she expressed acceptance of an offer. The issue where Barbara is changing her mind that she was to revoke her acceptance is impossible since the contract between her and Janet is binding and enforceable before a court of law. It is immaterial to state that he was revoking the acceptance because she discovered that the car had some problem as stated by his stepfather Roy. 1 A contract which is an agreement between two or more parties which is intended to create legally binding obligations was created between Barbara and Janet on the sale of the second hand car. The word binding is used for there are some contracts which are valid but are not enforceable. For a contract to be binding there must be an intention to create legal relationship between the parties to the contract. For this case, there was an intention of creating a legal relationship between Janet and Barbara on the sale of the second hand car. ... 2 Acceptance once made cannot be revoked unlike an offer which can be revoked by an express notice before it is accepted. However, acceptance cannot be revoked in any circumstance by either the offeree or the offeror. The moment a person expresses his acceptance of an offer, that very moment the contract is concluded and it does not matter whether the acceptance is by word of mouth, in writing or sent by post. For this case, it was illegal for Barbara to revoke his contract to purchase the second hand car for 3000 from Janet as agreed on the phone with her. Due to this reason, Janet can sue Barbara for damages. 3 The normal remedy for breach of contract is damages where the aim of the law is to place the third party as far as possible in the possible in the position he would have been if the contract had been performed. Janet is entitled to receive nominal damages which are awarded to the plaintiff after proving a breach of contract without suffering any actual loss. On the issue where Barbara had been lend 3000 by his stepfather Roy; there was a legally binding contract between them. There was an agreement that Barbara was to pay the debt by 30 equal instalments. This agreement fulfils all the requirements of a valid contract hence it became binding immediately the money was lend to Barbara by her stepfather Roy. However, Barbara's car was involved in an accident and she requested his stepfather to forgo his monthly instalments so that she could afford the repair of her car after the accident which amounted to 1200. For this case, there was a fresh contract between Barbara and his stepfather Roy to forgo the repayment of the loan for sometime until her financial status returned to normal. In the new contract between

Juvenile Justice System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Juvenile Justice System - Essay Example The most important facet of all this is the "best interest of the child" theory that guided the courts lingers in the purpose clauses of juvenile codes throughout the world.4 However, it seems to have failed to address the concerns raised by victims or communities about the juvenile justice system. The therapeutic intervention and punishment models of justice also appear to be incomplete. If these two models coexist in a jurisdiction, they are in constant conflict. However, if either one of these exists by itself, it fails to serve all stakeholders in the system. There are further studies according to the framers of the code that is the balanced consideration of community protection, offender accountability and competency development. This could bring clarity and reason to juvenile system issues. Through this comprehensive philosophy it will deal with every aspect of delinquency, punishment, treatment and prevention. With the concept of these three principles, if fully implemented, it could create a juvenile system that truly operates in the best interest of the child and the community.5 In all the instances when a dual or multi-diagnosis of several problems result, experts recommend that sources of treatment if not available at the moment, should be developed and reflect the developmental needs of juveniles in conflict with the law and are not merely replications of service delivery systems originally designed for adults. According to the recommendations of specialists, useful interventions for juveniles must ensure a close match between risk of re-offending, nature, level, duration of intervention. They must employ practitioners whose teaching approaches correspond to the learning capacities of children and use material tailored for a certain juvenile. It must be community-based and closely connected to the youth's home environment than like an institution. A drawn range of methods must be developed to cover anger management, social skills training and problem solving.6 Furthermore, many practitioners suggest that a continuum of care and a set of protocols must be established to determine who will provide services to the youth. There must be a case manager whose selection will be based

Marketing in fashion business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marketing in fashion business - Essay Example This research will begin with the definition of marketing as the process of determining the products or services which are been wanted by customers and also laying down strategies of making the sale and improving the communications with the customers. Marketing is such an important aspect of any business if maximum profits are to be made and many customers reached. There are many methods of marketing which will at most times be determined by the type of products or services to be marketed. In fashion businesses marketing is very important. It will determine the rate of which your commodities will be sold. There are many approaches you can use in reaching the customers but before it all, you must ensure that there well laid down strategies. Without marketing strategies, your business will not achieve anything since it is repeatedly said that ‘failing to plan is planning to fail.’ In the marketing of fashion designs, you must make sure that the market is broad and that the products or services satisfy the customers. Satisfaction in itself is a tool for marketing since when you meet the demands of the customers to the letter they will influence others extrinsically to like your fashion. Fashion is a big industry and it can be very risky to venture into if you are not ready to market your products or services. You have to make sure that you reach customers from all corners of the world or the intended area. The sale does not matter much in this kind of marketing but what will matter more is the satisfaction of customers.... In planning you ought to be realistic by comparing the plan with previous plans (White and Grifftiths, 2000 p.36). Strategies in fashion marketing One of the marketing strategies you have to employ in fashion marketing is use of the internet. This is very quick since a photograph posted on the internet will be seen by people from all parts of the world. This is very important since this fashion industry requires fast marketing before the fashion becomes outdated. You have to reach the customers that quick when their desires of the fashion are high. In the websites the customers will analyze the product or service. Therefore t should be done with a lot expertise so as to lure the customers very quickly (Vogt and Wojak, 2007 p.124). You should make use of the media in fashion marketing. This is a quick method to reach many people in a short time. In televisions you should market your produces or services. In radios it can also be done. In areas where magazines are quickly sold like in the developed countries you can use them to advertise your commodity. For marketing of fashion cloths like dresses this is one best tool you can use. You can portray varieties of features of models wearing the dresses. This has been used by the Tony Company in US and their fashion dresses are in sale unlike the situation with other fashion industries who are seated back to wait for customers. Another method of marketing in fashion industry is online advertising. In this you can post a lot of articles and photographs on your commodities (Tungate, 2008 p.98). You can also use other blogs like the email blogs to market. For those who are fans of browsing then you will reach them very fast.

Look at a contemporary film and examine how it uses traditional Essay

Look at a contemporary film and examine how it uses traditional narrative structure to create and naturalize a certain myth - Essay Example Traditional narratives were passed from one generation to another through word of mouth that is orally. On the other hand, contemporary films are the modern films that are used to deliver given information on the receipt through televisions and DVD’s . Contemporary films include the multinational corporations film producers for instance Hollywood. With this, the essay examines how pulp fiction a postmodernist film uses linear traditional narrative structure to create and naturalize a certain myth. Traditional narrative structure consists of parts of a story and the order in which the reader unfolds the events in the story. As earlier stated the structure of the story consists of three parts, which clearly bring out the narrative. The structure of a traditional narrative depends on the genre of the story (Klapproth, 2004). For instance, in the digital narrative that is the contemporary film, the writer may decide to bring out a dramatic flashback first in the story before bring ing out the initial events of the story. Contemporary films incorporate traditional narratives and improve the disposal of their stories. ... The second part of the story, which is epitasis, sets things into motion it is also referred to as the catalyst stage because at this stage the agenda is revealed to the readers. In this story, the major characters undergo major changes as a result of what is happening in the story this is referred to as character development (Maan, 2010). The third stage is the resolution stage, in this stage the characters in the story confront the problem and coming together hence leading to the end of the story. Research shows that, there are two main types of traditional narrative structures, which defines a story. The two types of structures include linear and non-linear narrative structures. In non-linear structure, the story does not precede in a straight line or systematically for instance introducing flashback in the beginning of a story (Maan, 2010). On the other hand, linear narratives are sequential that means they run smoothly. In linear narrative, the story starts and ends with a contr ast hence bringing out the message to be passed to the receipt. In most cases, traditional narratives are organized in a chronological order. Recent research shows that, linear narratives consist of four sequences manipulation, competence, performance, and sanction. In the first stage manipulation, the contrast is established (Klapproth, 2004). With this information on the traditional narrative structure the essay analyses how pulp fiction film uses non-linear type narrative to break up chronological time and demonstrate traditional realms of art. In this film the writer shows how cultural and art is important in any given community. In this film, semiotic codes are used to show traditional narrative structures are used to naturalize a

Women are generally more suited than men to manage modern corporations Essay

Women are generally more suited than men to manage modern corporations - Essay Example Additionally, women headed at least 12 companies classified as Fortune 500 and 25 companies classified as Fortune 1000 by the year 2009. This accounts for an increase of approximately 4% in the number of women heading these classes of companies from the statistics of 1998, when the figure stood at 11.2%. While this growth rate seems sluggish at face value, it implicitly reveals the gradual acceptance of women into the realms of top management of large corporations in America. While this is noteworthy, the question of whether the workforce is really ready to be managed by women begs. If so, are women fit for the job? This paper proposes that women are better managers than men, hence their suitability to head modern corporations in America and the world over. Keywords: Top management, Women, Corporations, Workforce, Managers Introduction The boardrooms of many of the countries’ multi-faceted corporations dealing with information technology, publishing, and advertising among othe r industries have long been dominated majorly by males (Gettings, Johnson, Brunner & Frantz, n.d.). However, in the contemporary American society, there has been a paradigm shift that has seen the absorption of women into the management of large corporations cutting across different industries. ... There are qualities of women that influence their management styles. For instance, women are viewed as being more encouraging and people-oriented (Billing & Alvesson, 1993). Due to the nature of women being more nurturing than men, it follows that when they are in positions of management, they relate better to their colleagues and subordinates. Women will often react by urging on employees as opposed to retribution, and this will often encourage employees to perform better, as well as being more motivated. By being more people-oriented, women managers are more in touch with the needs and personal well-being of their subordinates, rather than just their performance at work. They capitalize on their relations with other people at the work place and therefore often lead by setting examples, understand, and encourage employees to be more efficient by being more in touch with their needs. Women managers in this respect are also better listeners and build better relationships with people a round them in the workforce. They are more concerned with the human aspects of different situations in the work environment (Rutherford, 2011). According to News Agencies, women are also better at decision making than men (2013). In many corporations that are headed by women, the decision making process has been found to be more efficient and organized. In situations where there is a conflict involved that needs to be resolved, women managers are found to make decisions that are more reasonable and fairer than their male counterparts. In the process of making decisions, women managers are more likely than men managers to take into account the implications of the decisions that they make on other parties. Such parties include those in both direct

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Business Strategy - Essay Example In order to understand the basic culture of Salim Group, it is necessary to trace its history. The understating of internal culture of the Group is important for assessing its rapid success in the domestic and international markets. Soedono Salim, the founder of Salim started his own trading company that used to deal in commodities like cloves and coffee with the prevailing leading companies of Indonesia. Besides he also partnered Indonesian army by supplying goods. In this period, he got acquainted with the future President of Indonesia, Suharto who was then an ambry office. The key success factor for the rapid growth of Salim Group was his contacts and close relationship with ruling political party. Since its inception, Soedono Salim took opportunists’ approach for achieve organizational success and it tried to capture many new business having greater opportunities in term of profitability in long run. When, Soedono Salim handed over the business to his son Anthony Salim, he has also taken the similar approach like his father. After the Asian Financial Crisis of 1990s, the Salim Group was severely hit and most of holding companies were given to the Government in order to pay off its huge debt. This period of crisis was the toughest for the Salim Group since its inception, and the fall of President Suharto made the things worse for the Salim Group. ... Capturing new business opportunities is highly challenging and it requires regaining the financial strengths for the Salim Group. Hence, the after the crisis period, Anthony Salim starts looking for the new business opportunities on the axis between Australia, ASEAN and China. The opportunities available in these areas are different from each other due to difference in macro-economic factors like political, economic, technology etc. In this respect, the primary objective for Anthony Salim is to understand the distinct feature of business opportunities in the different areas. Along with the identification of the opportunities, accurate understanding of prevailing challenges and threats are inevitable and vital for business success. A comprehensive marketing research is also helpful in understating the business opportunities by focusing on the four major macro-economic factors i.e. political, economic, socio-cultural and technology (Srinivasan, 2008, p.181). Among the Asian and other c lose economy to Indonesia, the Salim group finds the Australia, China and ASEAN economies as one of the most attractive markets in terms of new business opportunities. For entering into these new international markets, the business strategy must be unique and dedicated to the specific economy. International strategy should always be different from the domestic business. International markets contain a number industry and trade barriers that must be overcome, and simultaneously, it is necessary to cope up with the prevailing culture of the business and market (Segal-Hor and Faulkner, 1999, p.3). Salim Group also decides to take different strategic move for its target regions and countries i.e. Australia, China and ASEAN. In this regard, Salim Group has realized the

Women are generally more suited than men to manage modern corporations Essay

Women are generally more suited than men to manage modern corporations - Essay Example Additionally, women headed at least 12 companies classified as Fortune 500 and 25 companies classified as Fortune 1000 by the year 2009. This accounts for an increase of approximately 4% in the number of women heading these classes of companies from the statistics of 1998, when the figure stood at 11.2%. While this growth rate seems sluggish at face value, it implicitly reveals the gradual acceptance of women into the realms of top management of large corporations in America. While this is noteworthy, the question of whether the workforce is really ready to be managed by women begs. If so, are women fit for the job? This paper proposes that women are better managers than men, hence their suitability to head modern corporations in America and the world over. Keywords: Top management, Women, Corporations, Workforce, Managers Introduction The boardrooms of many of the countries’ multi-faceted corporations dealing with information technology, publishing, and advertising among othe r industries have long been dominated majorly by males (Gettings, Johnson, Brunner & Frantz, n.d.). However, in the contemporary American society, there has been a paradigm shift that has seen the absorption of women into the management of large corporations cutting across different industries. ... There are qualities of women that influence their management styles. For instance, women are viewed as being more encouraging and people-oriented (Billing & Alvesson, 1993). Due to the nature of women being more nurturing than men, it follows that when they are in positions of management, they relate better to their colleagues and subordinates. Women will often react by urging on employees as opposed to retribution, and this will often encourage employees to perform better, as well as being more motivated. By being more people-oriented, women managers are more in touch with the needs and personal well-being of their subordinates, rather than just their performance at work. They capitalize on their relations with other people at the work place and therefore often lead by setting examples, understand, and encourage employees to be more efficient by being more in touch with their needs. Women managers in this respect are also better listeners and build better relationships with people a round them in the workforce. They are more concerned with the human aspects of different situations in the work environment (Rutherford, 2011). According to News Agencies, women are also better at decision making than men (2013). In many corporations that are headed by women, the decision making process has been found to be more efficient and organized. In situations where there is a conflict involved that needs to be resolved, women managers are found to make decisions that are more reasonable and fairer than their male counterparts. In the process of making decisions, women managers are more likely than men managers to take into account the implications of the decisions that they make on other parties. Such parties include those in both direct

Learning and teaching assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Learning and teaching assessment - Essay Example It is obvious that for such a sensitive procedure, my students have the basics of clinical studies covered. The most common way of classifying students is to use the visual, auditory and kinesthetic way, otherwise known as the VAK model (Utley, 2010). This model establishes a learner’s preferred mode for learning and processing new information. The VAK model was introduced in the 1920s by the likes of Keller, Orthon, Fernald, Stillman, Gillingham and Montessori (Dreeben-Irimia, 2010). In addition to the VAK model Gaberson and Oermann (2010) add more tools to expand the teaching strategies by including olfactory and emotionally experimental methods that help children who don’t benefit a great deal from didactic methods, learn. Although there are three main categories for students (refer to the VAK model) however, within the visual class Ryan at al. (2011) further divide the class into two subclasses; the ‘verbal visual’ and the ‘spatial visual’. The verbal visual students are those that best learn when the information is ‘written down’. The spatial visual students prefer solely the marvel of the visual; graphs, charts, diagrams etc. Such learners are generally good with faces and have good sense of direction (Hill & Howlett, 2012). Auditory students perform really well in brainstorming sessions. It is almost a ideal way to absorb, process and take part in the creative process (Spencer & Vavra, 2009). These learners can be taught better when the same idea is rephrased in several different ways (Lauwers & Swisher, 2010). The whole idea behind using the VAK model is not to isolate students based on their preferred teaching styles. It is a mere recognition that some students prefer one method over another while learning. In real practice, the VAK model is more popular with the more vulnerable exceptional learners (Zhang et al., 2012). The teacher can affirm if a student prefers

Person essay Essay Example for Free

Person essay Essay The Most Important Person in my Life We all have someone that is really important to us, someone that has influenced us in our lifetime at some time or another and thanks to that person we are the person we are today. In my case that someone is my mother. My mother is really important to me because thanks to her I exist today, she gave me life .My mother is my best friend, my confident, she is the person that I trust the most in my life . I consider my mother as the most important person in my life because she has always been there for me, gave me all the things that I needed to keep going following my dreams. She is such of a good mother. I love my mother, even though we fight sometimes, I can’t live without her, she is my role model. My mother is a hardworking, supportive, friendly and caring person. My mother is a beautiful woman. She is the youngest of six siblings, she is forty years old. She has light brown skin and is about five feet six inches and 160 pounds. She has black short curly hair, which sometimes she straightens, but she usually keeps it curly. Her eyes are dark brown, like coffee. She has beautiful white teeth which shine when she smiles. On her face she has some freckles. Her eyebrows are black and she likes to shape them square .She also has her ear pierced. My mother wears jeans and blouses most of the time, she is very simple . On Sunday night you would see my mother sitting on the sofa watching T.V. When you first see my mother you will think that she is shy or isn’t a friendly person because of her character, but after you talk to her and know her well you will notice that she is a lovely person, funny, and nice person. On a Saturday morning you would see my mother getting ready to go the church, she usually wears long dress, or a long skirt with jacket, and she is very elegant. My mother is a hardworking woman. She has always worked in order to bring money to our house and to give my little brother and me a better life. She also work hard at home, she always makes sure that everything is okay in our house, she likes to have everything organized. I remember that when I was ten years old , my father moved to the United States in order to find a better way of life, leaving my mother , my brother and me in our country ,the Dominican Republic. After my father left home my mother had to do both roles, be the man and woman. She learned how to fix things at home, so she didn’t have to call someone else to do it. At  first when my father arrived here in the USA he didn’t have a job, so at that moment my mother was the only one that was working and bringing money to our house, but it wasn’t enough to support us. My mother was working in a company, but she didn’t receive a good pay, that’s why she decided to have two jobs. It wasn’t easy for my mother having two jobs, plus she had to do everything at home. I remember that she woke up every day early in the morning in order to prepare something to eat for my little brother and me, and then she had to get ready to work at her first job. After m y mother finished a job, she had to go to the other one, and then when she really ended up working she used to go home to help my brother and me with our homework. I don’t know how she was able to do so many things at the same time, but she did .She always tried to give us a good life. Nowadays, I see my mother, and I feel very proud of her. She taught me that nothing is easy in life that we have to work hard to get the things that we want. Sometimes I feel tired because I work and study at the same time , and sometimes I think that I can’t continue doing this and then I think about my mother, how hard she used to work and never gave up. She is my inspiration and role model. My mother is such a hardworking woman, this is one the qualities that I most admire about her. How nice it is having someone that supports you in every decision that you make in life. No matter what, every time that I need my mother’s support, she is always there for me. Most of the time when I have to make an important decision in my life, I talk to my mother before doing it. I remember that when I started working and studying at the same time, I felt like it was too much for me , because I was working and studying full time. At that moment I did not what to do because I really needed a job to help my mother to pay the bills , but I also wanted to continues my studies in order to have a better life. So one day I decided to talk to my mother about my situation. â€Å"Mommy I feel that working full and being a full time student is too much for me.† â€Å"So, what do you want to do?† She asked me. â€Å"I am thinking to leave my Job.† I replied. â€Å"Dawilsa whatever you think that is the best for you or you want to do, I support you.† She said. After I talked to my mother, I decided to just cut some hours in my job and work part time, so in that way  I would have more time to study, and do my homework on time. Thanks to my mother’s support I got good grades, and I felt most comfortable. I also remember that when I was about twelve years old my dream was to become a famous and professional dancer. So since I knew that my mother supports me in any decision that I make in life I talked to her about it. â€Å"Mom Do you know what is my biggest dream in life?† I asked her. â€Å"Yes, to become a famous dancer has always been your dream.† She replied. â€Å"Mom, Can I go to the dancer school that is in my school?† I insisted. â€Å"Sure, you can go to the dancer school anytime, that’s your dream and I support you. â€Å"She replied. After I talked to my mother I was jumping of happiness because she said yes. Few days later I started taking dance class. I felt so happy because one my dreams was starting to become true. I took one year of class on that dancer school , and then I had to leave it because I was too busy on school with my homework and did have enough time to go the dancer school .So since education comes first I decided to leave the dancer school. My mother is my support, she is like my right hand. My mother is very friendly. My mother has always been friendly with everybody, that’s why she knows a lot of people. It’s nice to be a friendly person because you have a lot of friends and you are also appreciated by other people. When I was a kid I didn’t like to go to the supermarket with my mother because she always found someone that she knew and then stop to talk with that person for a while. Even though I don’t like when I am with my mother and she stops to talk to everybody, it is always good to meet people from everywhere. I remember that one day before coming here I needed a paper from high school in order to be able to register in college, so my mother and I went to the school’s office. When we went and told the secretary what we needed she told us that to get that paper done would take a while. I really needed it right away because I was coming to the USA the day after. After a few minutes talking with the secretary, the manager arrived and since my mother knew him he came and helped us with the paper. Thanks to my mother I learned to be a friendly person and everywhere that I go I know many people. Being friendly is one the qualities that I most like about my mother. It helps to know people. Caring is part of my mother’s personality. It’s like she was born with this quality. My mother always takes care of my  father, my little brother and me. She is always asking me how I am doing in school or in my job. I remember few years ago, I was in the hospital because I was really sick .I stayed at the hospital for a whole week. My mother took vacation from her job because she wanted to stay with me, taking care of me, and making sure that I had everything that need. At that moment my mother showed me that she really care about me and how important I was to her. My mother is always up to me when I need an advice .When I am sad I go to see her and she gives me a hug and good advices and makes me feel much better. When I am sick she gives me medicine and everything that I need to get better .My mother is such blessing in my life. She is always ready to pour out her unconditional caring love to me and those around her. Being hardworking, supportive, friendly and caring are only a few of the attributes that I have learned from my mother. She taught me how to get things in life ,to keep going, it doesn’t matter what happens and never to give up .But ,one the most important things she taught me is how to be a good person. I love my mother, and I am more than proud to say that she is my mother. She has been a huge influence in my life, I will never finish paying and thanking my mother for all the things that she has done for me. Mommy, you are my role model.

Properties of Topological Insulating Material: Bi2Te3-PANI

Properties of Topological Insulating Material: Bi2Te3-PANI Synthesis, Characterization and Electrical properties of a Composite of Topological Insulating Material: Bi2Te3-PANI R. R. Urkudea[*], P. T. Patilb, S. B. Kondawarb, U. A. Palikundwara[† ] aX-ray Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India bPolymer Nanotech Laboratory, Department of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India Abstract In the present work, we carried out a systematic study of structure, UV-Vis Spectra and surface conductivity of pure Bi2Te3, pure Polyaniline (PANI) and Bi2Te3 (5%)-PANI (95%) composite. Bi2Te3 was synthesized by a method similar to solvothermal method, whereas, pure PANI and Bi2Te3-PANI composite were synthesized by a chemical oxidative method. The materials were structurally characterized and the electrical properties were investigated in the temperature range from room temperature to 100 °C. The electrical conductivity of the Bi2Te3-PANI composite is found to be higher than that of its pure constituents at all the temperatures. The enhancement in the surface conductivity may be due to the PANI generated ordered molecular arrangement of Bi2Te3 in the Bi2Te3-PANI composite, as confirmed from powder x-ray diffraction, UV–vis spectral analysis.  © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the International Conference on Nanomaterials and Technologies (CNT 2014). Keywords: Topological insulators; Bismuth telluride; thermoelectric material; Polyaniline composites; electrical conductivity. 1. Introduction Topological insulators (TIs) are electronic materials that have a bulk band gap like an ordinary insulator but have protected conducting states on their edge or surface (Hasan and Kane, 2010). Most of the current researches are focused on the materials, like Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3), Antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) and Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) due to the topological insulating properties exhibited by them. Bi2Te3 is one of the best TI materials. It is a semiconducting compound with narrow bulk band gap of 0.2 eV. It is also a good material for thermoelectric applications (Das and Soundararajan, 1988). It has shown a drastic change in its thermoelectric properties when it is doped with Polyaniline (PANI) (Li et al., 2011). It has also given added advantages of polymers like inexpensiveness, intrinsically low thermal conductivity, flexibility and good processability etc. (Marjanovic et al., 2013). Various research workers have attempted to synthesize and characterize composites of Bi2Te3 with polyaniline (Zhao et al., 2002; Xu et al., 2005; Hostler et al., 2006; Chatterjee et al., 2009; Toshima et al., 2011). Very recently, mechanical blending method was employed by Li et al. (2011) for the synthesis of Bi2Te3–PANI; they found that the power factor of the composite is less than both of the individual components. However, a report on the synthesis of a Bi2Te3 and PANI hybrid by physical mixing and solution mixing showed a higher power factor in the case of the physical mixture (Toshima et al., 2011). Though there is a vast literature available on the TE properties of Bi2Te3-PANI composites, experimental reports on TI Properties of the composites are not available. Based on this background, in the present work, we carried out a systematic study of structure, UV-Vis Spectra and surface conductivity of Bi2Te3 (5%)-PANI (95%) composite, pure Bi2Te3 and pure PANI. Bi2Te3 was synthesized by a method similar to solvothermal method (Deng et al., 2002), whereas, pure PANI and Bi2Te3-PANI composite were synthesized by a chemical oxidative method (Stejskal and Gilbert, 2002). The materials were structurally characterized and the electrical properties were investigated in the temperature range from room temperature to 100 °C. The electrical conductivity of the Bi2Te3-PANI composite is found to be higher than that of its pure constituents at all the temperatures. The enhancement in the surface conductivity may be due to the construction of highly ordered chain structures of PANI on Bi2Te3, as confirmed from powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectral analysis. 2. Experimental details 2.1 Materials used Bismuth chloride (BiCl3), Tellurium (Te) metal powder, Potassium hydroxide (KOH), Sodium borohydrate (NaBH4), N-N dimethylformamide (DMF), Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Aniline (C6H5NH2), Acetone [(CH3)2.CO], Methanol (CH3OH) were purchased from Merck Chemicals. Ammonium persulphate [(NH4)2S2O8] was purchased from Hi-media. All the chemicals were of analytical reagent grade and are used without further purification, except aniline which was purified prior to use. 2.2 Preparation of Bi2Te3 A mixture of BiCl3 (10 mmol), Te powder (15 mmol), KOH (80 mmol) and NaBH4 (30 mmol) were put into a beaker of 100 ml capacity. The beaker was then filled with N-N dimethylformamide (DMF) up to 90 ml and was kept into a muffle furnace. Temperature of the furnace was maintained at 100-180 °C for 24 hours and was then slowly cooled to the room temperature. The product was filtered, washed with double distilled water and dried in vacuum oven at 80 °C for 12 hours. 2.3 Preparation of pure PANI and Bi2Te3 PANI Composite PANI was synthesized by using chemical oxidative method (Stejskal and Gilbert, 2002) 0.2 mol Aniline with 0.25 mol Ammonium persulphate was oxidized in acidic aqueous medium. Aniline and Ammonium persulphate were dissolved, separately, in 50 ml solution of 1.0 mol HCl in double distilled water. Both the solutions were kept at room temperature for 1h and were mixed together in a beaker. During the process, the colour of the solution changed from colourless to light blue and then to dark green. The solution was briefly stirred and was left to polymerize for 24 h. The precipitate of PANI was collected on a filter paper, washed with distilled water, then with 20 ml of 0.1M HCl and with Methanol. PANI (emeraldine salt) powder was dried in vacuum oven at 80 °C. A similar procedure was followed for the synthesis of Bi2Te3-PANI composite, but this time Bi2Te3 was introduced in aniline solution. 3. Characterization 3.1 Structural characterization The samples were structurally characterized by XRD and UV–vis spectral analyses. XRD measurements were performed using a Diffractometer (Rigaku Miniflex II x-ray Diffractometer) with Cu KÃŽ ± radiation (ÃŽ » = 1.541838 A °). The UV–vis spectra of the prepared samples were recorded by a spectrophotometer (UV-1800 Shimatzu Spectrophotometer) using samples dissolved in dimethyl formamide in a quartz cuvette. 3.2 Electrical characterization All the prepared samples were pressed at pressure less than 5 tonnes, at room temperature, to form the compacted pellets for measurement of the electrical conductivity. The measurements were carried out, in the temperature range 20-100  °C, by standard four-probe method with constant current source kept at 2 mA. 4. Results and Discussions 4.1 Powder X-ray diffraction Figure 1 shows the XRD patterns of Bi2Te3, pure PANI and Bi2Te3-PANI composite. All the peaks of the pattern for Bi2Te3 can be indexed in rhombohedral structure (JCPDS No: 015-0863) with unit cell parameters: a = 4.358A °; b = 4.358A ° and c = 30.48A °. Broad peaks at 22 ° and 25 ° for pure PANI are observed, which are due to the repeat unit of monomer. Compared with the pure PANI, only one peak is clearly observed at 25 °, the same position, in the XRD pattern of Bi2Te3-PANI composite. The observation of a single peak is related to the monodistribution of the periodicity of the repeat unit of the PANI and ordering of the molecular arrangement of the Bi2Te3 in the PANI matrix (Talwar et al., 2014). This suggests that PANI generate an ordered molecular arrangement of Bi2Te3 in the Bi2Te3-PANI composite. Figure 1 XRD patterns of Pure PANI, Pure Bi2Te3 and Bi2Te3-PANI composite 4.2 UV-vis spectroscopy Figure 2 shows the UV–vis spectra of the samples used to explore the electronic states of Bi2Te3, pure PANI and the Bi2Te3-PANI composite. A characteristic band centred at 697 nm, a shoulder at 478 nm, corresponding to a polaronic transition (polaron- Ï€*) and a band around at 389 nm, assigned to the π–π* electron orbital transition are observed in Bi2Te3-PANI composite. In comparison with UV–vis spectra of the pure PANI: a band around 385 nm, assigned to the π–π* electron orbital transition, shifts to longer wavelength at 389 nm in Bi2Te3-PANI composite. The polaronic transition (polaron- Ï€*) is absent in the pure PANI but is observed in Bi2Te3-PANI composite. These show an interaction between the quinoid ring of PANI and Bi2Te3 (Xia and Wang, 2003). This is a signature of an ordered molecular arrangement in Bi2Te3-PANI composite and it is the purely surface conducting state. Figure 2 UV-vis spectra of Pure PANI, Bi2Te3 and Bi2Te3-PANI composite 4.3 Electrical characterization Figure 3 Variation of the electrical conductivity with temperature of Bi2Te3, PANI and Bi2Te3-PANI composite. The variations of electrical conductivity as a function of temperature of the prepared samples are shown in figure 3. The value of electrical conductivity for Bi2Te3 slightly decreases with the increase in the temperature. However, both PANI and Bi2Te3-PANI composite show increase in the value of electrical conductivity with temperature. The electrical conductivity of the Bi2Te3-PANI composite is higher than that of its pure constituents over a whole temperature range. The enhancement in the surface conductivity indicates the increase in protected states at the surface compared to that of the pure Bi2Te3. This may be due to the large surface provided to the Bi2Te3 by the PANI generated ordered molecular arrangement of Bi2Te3 in the Bi2Te3-PANI composite. 5. Conclusions In conclusion, we carried out a systematic study of structure, UV-Vis Spectra and surface conductivity of Bi2Te3 (5%)-PANI (95%) composite, pure Bi2Te3 and pure PANI. Bi2Te3 was synthesized by a method similar to solvothermal method, whereas, pure PANI and Bi2Te3-PANI composite were synthesized by a chemical oxidative method. The materials were structurally characterized and the electrical properties were investigated in the temperature range from room temperature to 100 °C. The electrical conductivity of the Bi2Te3-PANI composite was found to be higher than that of its pure constituents at all the temperatures. The enhancement in the surface conductivity may be due to the PANI generated ordered molecular arrangement of Bi2Te3 in the Bi2Te3-PANI composite, as confirmed from powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectral analysis. Acknowledgements It is a pleasure to thank Dr. S. B. Kondawar for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), India, under women scientist scheme-A (WOS-A), File No. SR/WOS-A/PM-1001/2014. References Chatterjee K., Suresh A., Ganguly S., Kargupta K., Banerjee D., 2009. Bismuth nitrate doped polyaniline – Characterization and properties for thermoelectric application. Mater. Charact. 60, 597–601. Das Damodara V., Soundararajan N., 1988. Size and temperature effects on the thermoelectric power and electrical resistivity of bismuth telluride thin films, Phys. Rev. B 37, 4552-9. Deng Yuan, Xi-song Zhou, Guo-dan Wei, Jing Liu, Ce-Wen Nan, Shu-jing Zhao 2002. Solvothermal preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline Bi2Te3 powder with different morphology, J. of Phy. and chem. of Solids. 63, 2119-2121. Hasan, M., Z., Kane, C., L., 2010. Colloquium: Topological insulators, Reviews of modern physics 82, 3045-23. Hostler S., R., Kaul P., Day K., Qu V., Cullen C., Abramson A., R., 2006. Thermal and electrical characterization of nanocomposites for thermoelectric, IEEE ITHERM 07803295, 24, 1400–5. Li Y., Zhao Q., Wang Y., Bi K., 2011. Synthesis and characterization of Bi2Te3/Polyaniline composites, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Proc. 14, 219-222. Marjanovic, G., C., 2013. Recent advances in polyaniline composites with metals, metalloids and nonmetals, Synthetic Metals 170, 31-56 Stejskal J., Gilbert R.., G., 2002. Polyaniline: Preparation of a Conducting Polymer, Pure Appl. Chem. 74, 857-867. Talwar V., Singh O., Singh R., C., 2014. ZnO assisted polyaniline nanofibers and its application as ammonia gas sensor, Sensors and Actuators: B 191, 276-282. Toshima N., Imai M., Ichikawa S., 2011. Organic–Inorganic Nanohybrids as Novel Thermoelectric Materials: Hybrids of Polyaniline and Bismuth (III) Telluride Nanoparticles, J. Electron. Mater. 40, 898–902. Xia H., Wang Q., 2003. Preparation of Conductive Polyaniline/ Nanosilica particle composites through Ultrasonic Trradiation, J. Appl. Polym. Sci 87, 1811-7. Xu X., Chen L., Wang C., Yao Q., Feng C., J., 2005. Template synthesis of heterostructured polyaniline/Bi2Te3 nanowires, Solid State Chem. 178, 2163-6. Zhao X., B., Hu S., H., Zhao M., J., Zhu T., J., 2002. Thermoelectric properties of Bi0.5Sb1.5 Te3/Polyaniline hybrids prepared by Mechanical blending, Mater. Lett. 52, 147–9. [*]* Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 9921491567; fax: +0-000-000-0000 . E-mail address: [emailprotected] [† ] Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 9890155077; fax: +0-000-000-0000 . E-mail address: [emailprotected] [S1]Elsevier to update with volume and page numbers.

A Child Called Essay -- Essays Papers

A Child Called Amelia Mary Earhart was born on July 24, 1897 in Atchison, Kansas. She was the daughter of a railroad attorney and had a younger sister named Muriel. Amelia was a tomboy and was always interested in learning. She was educated at Columbia University and Harvard Summer School. She taught English to immigrant factory workers. During World War I, Amelia was a volunteer in a Red Cross hospital. Amelia heard of a woman pilot, Neta Snook, who gave flying lessons. She had her first lesson on January 2, 1921. On July 24, 1921, Amelia bought her first plane, a prototype of the Kinner airplane and named it â€Å"The Canary.† In 1928, she accepted the invitation of the American pilots Wilmer Stultzman and Louis Gordon to join them on a transatlantic flight, becoming the first woman to make the crossing by air She described the flight in a book she wrote, 20 Hours. 40 Minutes. After that flight, Amelia made a career of flying. Aviation was a new concept and the industry looked for ways to improve its image. In 1921, Amelia was appointed Assistant to the General Traffic Manager and Transcontinental Air Transport (TWA) with a special responsibility of attracting women passengers. Amelia organized a cross-country air race for women pilots in 1929, the Los Angeles to Cleveland Women’s Air Derby, later called the â€Å"Powder Puff Derby.† Amelia placed third in this race. After the race, Amelia had a meeting in her hotel room in Cleveland with other women pilots. She formed a women’s pilot organization called the â€Å"Ninety-Nines† because of the ninety-nine applicants. She served as the organization’s first president. Amelia continued to work for TWA and was writing regular articles for Cosmopolitan and other magazines, and had speaking engagements in many cities across the country. In 1930, she broke several women’s speed records in her Lockheed Vega aircraft. In 1931, she wrote a book about those exciting experiences called The Fun of It. By early 1932, no other person had successfully flown solo across the Atlantic Ocean since Charles Lindbergh. Amelia decided she would be the first woman to fly solo over the Atlantic. She would not duplicate Lindbergh’s course, but would fly from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland and the British Isles would be her destination. On May 20, 1932, exactly five years a... ...nconfirmed sightings have been reported and there are many theories of their fate. Some of those theories are that Amelia was a on a spy mission authorized by President Roosevelt and was captured; that she purposely dove her aircraft into the Pacific; they were captured by the Japanese, Noonan was executed and Earhart was forced to broadcast to the American GI’s as â€Å"Tokyo Rose† during World War II; and another theory is that Amelia lived for years on an island in the South Pacific with a native fisherman. In 1961 it was thought that the bones of Earhart and Noonan had been found on the island of Saipan, but they turned out to be those of Saipan natives. In 1992, a search party reported finding remnants of the Electra at Nikumaroro, Kiribati, but those claims were disputed by people who worked on Earhart’s plane. Researches believe that the plane ran out of fuel and that Earhart and Noonan died at sea. Amelia Earhart spent most of her lifetime establishing the permanent role of women in aviation. She became an international heroine overnight as the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean. Amelia’s disappearance is still a mystery, but her enduring legacy remains.

Pharmaceutical Industry and E. Merck Ag

Historical background of the business Today Merck & Co, Inc. is one of the most recognizable companies in the pharmaceutical industry. When asked about Merck, most people think that it is and always has been a US company. However, the company’s history can be traced all the way back to the 1600’s where it was started in Darmstadt, Germany. Friedrich Jacob Merck purchased a local store in 1668 where he prepared and sold medicines. The store was called â€Å"At the sign of the Angels† and would remain in the Merck family for many generations (Merck & co. , 2000). In 1827, Heinrich Emmanuel Merck and renamed E.MERCK AG transformed the store into a drug manufacturer. The pharmacy was so successful that by 1855 E. Merck AG was selling medications worldwide. It was at this time that Merck decided to send a company officer to the United States to set up a sales office. Once in the U. S. in 1899, Heinrich’s grandson George Merck bought one hundred and fifty acres in Rahway, New Jersey. A couple of years later, in 1903, Merck started production in its new U. S. headquarters. By this time Merck was not just producing drugs, it was also starting to produce different types of chemicals and there was also a research lab.When the United States entered World War I in 1917, George Merck, fearing that Germany would win the war and take over his company, sold all of his stock to a US company named Alien Property Custodian (Merck & Co. , 2000). This ended all of Merck’s ties to Germany. After the war, George Merck regained a controlling share of the company in 1919 and from that day forward Merck has always been a publicly owned company. George Merck continued to grow the company until his death in 1926 at which time his son, George W. Merck took over. In 1926, George W.Merck decided to merge the company with Powers-Weightman-Rosengarten, which was a Philadelphia, based pharmaceutical company. In 1927 the company was officially incorporated and renamed Merck & Co. Inc. This merger gave George W. Merck the capital he needed to recruit new chemists and biologists, which lead to the discovery of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 was a huge success, but because the war had been over for several years, new foreign companies were continually underselling Merck. With no new products in sight, George W. Merck decided to merge with a Baltimore company by the name of Sharp & Dohme, Inc.This merger was believed to have saved Merck from going under; it gave Merck new marketing facilities and a new distribution network, which it desperately needed. By the time George W. Merck died in 1957, the company had hit the one hundred million dollar mark. Not only was the dollar mark significant, George’s death marked the last time a Merck family member would ever be in control. From the 60’s on, Merck continued to raise its market share taking advantage of its research and development, which continually produced new and popular drugs every year.Today Merck employs over fifty five thousand people and produces some of the most well known pharmaceutical products on the market. With profits totaling a little fewer than six billion dollars and annual sales of over twelve and half billion dollars, Merck is considered one of the best pharmaceutical companies in the world. Products Throughout the years, Merck has made itself a reputation for developing high quality products that consumers know will work. The drugs are developed to help with all different types of problems.Some medicines are used for every day symptoms like a stuffed up nose and some are used for more serious illnesses like the treatment of HIV. Since Merck & Co. , Inc. was founded; it has always made a point to have an above average research and development program so that it could appeal to a wide variety of consumers no matter what symptoms they were trying to cure. Some of the first products ever distributed by Merck in the 1820’s were morphine, co deine and cocaine. These three products allowed Merck enough revenue to begin research on other types of products.In 1933 Merck scientists discovered vitamin B12 which was, at the time, used as a therapeutic drug. The sales from B12 alone were enough to carry Merck into the next decade. Although Merck scientists discovered cortisone, which is a steroid, and streptomycin, which is used to treat tuberculosis, the 1940’s, 50’s and 60’s were fairly slow periods for Merck. Other products such as Aldomet, which is used to treat depression, Indocin and Clinoril which are anti-inflammatory drugs, were developed but none of them had the impact on revenue that Merck was used to.It was not until the mid to late 70’s that Merck came out with some new products that really connected with consumers. It was at this time that Timoptic and Enalapril were invented. Timoptic is a hepatitis vaccine that helps with the treatment of glaucoma and Enalapril is a high blood pressu re medication. Sales from these two drugs were well over a half a billion dollars by the early 1980’s. Things only got better for Merck from the 1980’s through 2000. During this time Merck produced over twenty new drugs.Some of the more popular drugs include Cosopt, used in the treatment of glaucoma, Propecia, which is used to treat hair loss, Maxalt, which is used for migraine headaches, and Singulair, which treats cases of asthma. Although all of these medications worked out very well for Merck’s profit, there were three drugs that stood above the rest. Vasotec was a treatment for congestive heart failure and Merck’s first billion dollar a year drug. That was followed by Vioxx which is a pain medication used to treat arthritis and also a billion dollar a year seller. The most popular drug Merck ever produced was Zocor.Zocor is a cholesterol-fighting drug that was introduced in 1992. Not only was zocor a multi-billion dollar a year drug, it was one of th e most successful selling pharmaceutical drugs ever (Merck & Co. , 2000). Zocor accounted for over four billion dollars in worldwide sales in 2004 alone. With products like these and a continued dedication to research and development, Merck will be a major player in the pharmaceutical industry for many years to come. Company Locations Merck and its subsidiaries have locations all over the world. Their main headquarters is currently located in Whitehouse Station, New Jersey.Merck takes pride in being a global healthcare leader. According to their website they currently have 83,000 employees worldwide (Merck. com). In 2009, Merck merged with competitor Shering-Plough, which extended Merck’s reach into the global economy. According to Muse (2011), Merck has over 75 locations, â€Å"Drawing from its locations in 77 countries, Merck’s worldwide sales for 2009 were $27. 4 billion (Muse p. 251). † These locations stretch across the continental United States from New Je rsey to San Francisco. The worldwide locations include factories in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Japan.Merck’s revenues continue to climb with their global growth. The revenues recorded in various regions by Merck in 2012 include, â€Å" |2012 Revenues |United States | |(By Geographic Region) |$20. 4 billion | | | | | |Europe, Middle East and Africa | | |$13. billion | | | | | |Japan | | |$5. 1 billion | | | | | |Other | | |$8. billion (Merck. com). † | | | | Merck is seen as a leader on the stage of global expansion. It is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. Merck continues to grow and expand its influence in an effort to provide their vaccines and medicines across the globe. Their recent merger will allow them to test markets that they have not had experience in before, and help increase their profits globally.Style of International Business Merck has been on the forefront of International Business and is one of the leaders at adapt ing to new employees in diverse geographic locations. The company has maintained a policy of progressiveness in their workplace. According to Muse (2011) Merck is one of the leaders in this field. They have been ranked among the Top 50 Companies for Diversity and the 100 Best Corporate Citizens List (Muse p. 251). † Merck makes diversity one of their top priorities and it is well documented on their website. They have created a voice for the different diverse peoples within their company.It is a new way to maintain communication with the feelings and thoughts of various groups in different regions throughout the world. Merck calls these Global Constituency Groups. According to their website, â€Å"We've taken an innovative, global approach to our diversity strategy through the creation of Global Constituency Groups. These groups represent the diverse constituencies in our company, our customers and society, in general. The members represent different geographies, cultures and areas of expertise. Together they reflect Merck employees and customers globally†. Merck. com) With this process, Merck is able to keep up with the problems and successes within the different constituencies throughout the company. Merck’s plan to achieve diversity within their company begins from the leadership positions. Filling these positions with people mindful of diversity has allowed the company to continue to keep its place among the most diverse companies in the world. According to Merck, â€Å"Diversity and inclusion are integrated into our leadership model, and are considered an essential leadership skill for all of our employees (Merck. com). Merck preaches this diversity not only to their employees, but their suppliers as well. â€Å"At Merck, we believe that having a diverse supplier base helps us better understand and anticipate the needs of the people we serve (Merck. com). † This creates a positive culture throughout the company of acceptance an d tolerance towards others. It is a progressive policy that allows Merck to continue to flourish and it is a model style of International Business. Strategic Alliances Merck has made many strategic alliances throughout the years to help improve their products or supply them to a wider range of people.In the late 80’s Merck made an alliance with one of the biggest companies in the United States, Johnson & Johnson. According to the International Directory of Company Histories (2000), â€Å"In 1989 Merck joined with Johnson & Johnson in a venture to develop over-the-counter (OTC) versions of Merck’s prescription medications, initially for the U. S. market, later expanded to Europe and Canada (encyclopedia. com)†. This helped Merck products become more easily available to consumers throughout the world. At the time this alliance was hailed as a blockbuster deal that would create growth for both companies.This deal lasted over twenty years and was very profitable for both parties. When Merck sold their stake in the deal in 2011, they received $175 million for it. The largest alliance Merck has made recently is the acquisition, or reverse merger, of their rival Schering-Plough. The $40 billion deal was made in an effort to keep up with other companies in the pharmaceutical market, especially Pfizer. According to Singer (2009), â€Å"The merger would join pharmaceutical companies that had combined sales of $46. 9 billion last year (p. 1). † This alliance expanded Merck globally and allowed it to tap into Schering-Plough’s resources.These resources ranged from new drugs for Merck to market, to a bigger pipeline to promote their own drugs. According to Singer (2009), â€Å"The merger gives it access to successful brand-name Schering products with much longer patents, like the prescription allergy spray Nasonex. And Merck could capitalize on Schering’s investments in promising biotechnology drugs (Singer p. 1 ). † This al liance helped Merck continue to be a formidable competitor in the global pharmaceutical market. With this deal happening only a few short years ago, Merck continues to grow and utilize its new resources in the market today.Exports Merck’s exports consist of various types of pharmaceuticals. Some of their most profitable exports include Singulair, Fosamax, Nasonex, and Vytorin. Singulair is used to treat seasonal allergies like other drugs such as Claritin and Allegra. It can also be used to prevent asthma attacks. It has been very profitable for Merck in the past. Yet, sales began to dramatically fall when media reports about the disturbing side effects of Singulair began to surface. The worst of these side effects included depression and suicidal thoughts.Still, even in spite of Singulair’s profit drop, Merck continues to make large amounts of money off of the export. Nasonex and Vytorin are two products that were a result of the Merck and Schering-Plough merger. Naso nex is a nasal spray used to treat seasonal allergies in adults and children. It has proved to be a positive part of the merger, becoming one of Merck’s most profitable products. Vytorin was already part of a joint effort between Merck and Schering-Plough even before the merger. Vytorin is a combination of ezetimibe and simvastatin used to treat cholesterol levels.They created and marketed the product together. After the merger, Merck continued to sell and market Vytorin. Fosamax is another popular export of the Merck Company. It is used to treat osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Fosamax was previously one of Merck’s best selling drugs. Yet, because of patent problems, they have lost large amount of money. According to Singer (2009) â€Å"Merck’s former blockbuster bone drug Fosamax has gone generic, and in a few years the same thing will happen to its best-selling allergy and asthma drug Singulair (pg. 1 ). † These exports have been Merck’s ma in products in the past.In the future, with their recent merger, they should be able to develop new products that can help them rebound from the losses they took from products like Fosamax and Singulair. Transportation In order to effectively and efficiently deliver their products throughout the world, Merck has contracted UPS to deliver them. As of June 2011, the joint venture known as MSD has announced that it would include and take care of Merck’s logistics and distribution around the world, which till now only managed Merck’s distribution, warehousing and transportation in North America (Berman, 2011).According to Willie A. Deese, executive vice president and president, Merck Manufacturing Division,â€Å" This expanded agreement with UPS allows us to focus on our core business as a global healthcare leader that looks for innovative ways to bring our medicines and vaccines to patients in emerging markets and markets around the world† (businesswire, 2011). The collaboration, which began in early 2003 with UPS just taking care of the transportation and delivery of products over time, has extended to North American distribution, warehousing and multi-modal transportation services (businesswire, 2011).Merck now entrusted UPS with taking care of their logistics in countries like China, Brazil as well as Latin America among others. UPS also stated that it would establish proper facilities in order to store goods and vaccines so in order to ensure quicker and efficient delivery system (Berman, 2011). Merck believes that this extended partnership with UPS would result in being cost effective in the long run. Although Merck does rely on other logistic companies as well, but they rely more heavily on UPS and this current agreement will only further increase the company’s trust in the logistics firm (businesswire, 2011).Ethical Standards The code of ethics from Merck’s website (2013) states: Being a good corporate citizen means that we comply with all applicable laws, rules and regulations. Also, we serve our society, from the local communities in which we operate to the national and international levels, by supporting a number of programs, including those that improve health and promote environmental sustainability. All of our activities are guided by our corporate responsibility principle of â€Å"Helping the World Be Well†. (p. 1) Ethical Violations Merck & Co. ave developed some great products that have helped many people. They have even done some amazing humanitarian work that follows their mission of their code of ethics, which is to help the people of this world be as healthy as they can. For example, After World War II, many people who were living in Japan could not afford the Merck developed drug streptomycin (Miller & Goldman, 2003). Streptomycin was the first drug to fight tuberculosis. Merck decided to sell streptomycin at a much lower cost in Japan so it could be distributed to those who nee ded it and could not afford it at market value.Merck is also one of the nation’s largest donors to UNICEF. One of the ways that Merck has partnered with UNICEF is by donating a drug called Mectizan. Mectizan is a drug that Merck has developed to fight river blindness, and Merck has teamed up with UNICEF in order to distribute Mectizan to anyone who needs it (Unicef, 2013). But the business strategies for Merck have not always been as ethically sound as it may appear. On September 30th 2004 the drug that Merck had created to treat arthritis and severe pain, Vioxx, was pulled off the shelves for good.The reason behind shutting down this drug was that it was found to have caused serious illnesses after long term use, including heart attacks and strokes (Kay, 2004). Vioxx was withdrawn only five years after being introduced, but in that short time had effected many, in those five years there had been over eighty million prescriptions for Vioxx (Kay, 2004). Dr David Graham, the as sociate director for science and medicine at the Office of Drug Safety, estimates that Vioxx caused between 88,000 and 139,000 heart attacks, of which thirty to forty percent have most likely died (Kay, 2004).But did Merck know of this threat before they started to market the drug? Before Merck released Vioxx in 1999 their own scientist conducted tests on Vioxx while developing it. In 1997 these scientist did a study and found that patients who were being tested on were six times more likely to have heart complications when using Vioxx compared to other arthritis drugs. But this study was never released and the data was never sent to the FDA (Culp & Isobel, 2007).Scientist also completed a VIGOR (Vioxx Gastrointestinal Outcomes Research) test on the drug and found evidence that people who take Vioxx had a five times higher chance of having a heart attack (Cahana & Mauron, 2006). In 2001 Merck scientist had another test called â€Å"meta-analysis†. The meta-analysis tested 20, 000 patients, and again showed that these patients were twice as likely to have a heart attack while taking Vioxx compared to other drugs (Culp & Isobel, 2007). Not only did Merck know about these risks and kept the results to themselves, they also trained their sales people on how to dodge the subject.In order to train the sales force who were going to be selling Vioxx to doctors, Merck developed a card game called dodgeball. The purpose of this game was to teach the sales force different ways to dodge questions asked by doctors about the effects Vioxx has on the heart (Daily, 2005). This again proves that Merck knew of these risks caused by taking Vioxx, but was trying to make sure that information was kept in house. Another instance where Merck lacked good ethical decision making is when they decided to pay Elsevier to publish a magazine for them. Elsevier is a publishing company that focuses mainly on medical and scientific literature.Merck’s marketing team decided to pay Elsevier to publish a journal called The Australiasian Journal of Bone & Joint Medicine. This journal was made to look like any other peer-reviewed medical journal but it was far from it. Merck’s marketing department handpicked the articles that they wanted to put in this journal, with the purpose of trying to control what articles were chosen to be in the journal. They took advantage of this situation by picking articles that favored Merck products and disguising this marketing scheme as a peer review journal (Grant, 2009).For instance in the second issue twenty one of the twenty nine articles spoke about Merck’s products in a favorable way, nine of them positively talking about Vioxx (Grant, 2009). Merck also had an ethical downfall when management decided to change the prices of their product. Not only was Merck paying doctors to prescribe Merck medicine when patients were in the hospital, Merck also started to give hospitals a ninety two percent discount on their medicine; with the idea that after the patient was discharged they would want to stay on the same medicine (Merck to pay whistleblower, 2008).The insurance company would pay full price for the drugs after the patient was discharged and that is where Merck would bring in their profit. An employee within Merck saw what was going on and didn’t approve. A lawsuit quickly followed and Merck ended up paying $671 million, including sixty eight million dollars to the whistleblower (Merck to pay whistleblower, 2008). Even after settling Merck did not think they were in the wrong with this pricing, as Merck to pay whistleblower (2008) reported Merck making a statement saying they â€Å"stands by its pricing strategies but is keen to resolve the dispute† (p. 2). Unfortunately for Merck, Vioxx isn’t the only drug that has caused people to question Merck’s ethical decision making when it comes to their customers. As noted above, Merck released a drug called Propecia t o the public that helped men with baldness. The problem with Propecia is that men are starting to see a great increase in sexual problems. Merck says that only one out of fifty men will see significant sexual side effects, and those side effects will disappear after you stop taking Propecia (Thornton, 2011). But that doesn’t seem to be the case.A recent study by Micheal Irving showed that ninety percent of his test patients still showed signs of sexual problems forty months after being off of Propecia (Thornton, 2011). This is where ethics will hurt Merck the most. Not only have there been hundreds of millions of dollars in fines and settlements that will be paid out, but if Merck continues to keep making unethical managerial decisions, Merck will lose the trust of their customers. Even though there is no evidence yet that Merck knew that Propecia would harm people after they stopped taking the drug, it’s hard not to think of how the Merck management decided to handle Vioxx.The financial hit is a big blow that will slow present and future projects, but money is a lot easier to gain back than trust. References Berman, J. (2011, June). UPS and Merck extend relationship with a global supply chain focus. Retrieved February 2013, from http://www. logisticsmgmt. com/article/ups_and_merck_extend_relationship_witha_ global_supply_chain_focus/ businesswire. (2011, June). UPS and Merck Expand Their Distribution and Logistics Agreement. Retrieved February 2013, from businesswire. com: http://www. businesswire. com/news/home/20110628005271/en/UPS-Merck-Expand-Distribution-Logistics-AgreementCahana, A. , & Mauron, A. (2006). The story of Vioxx—no pain and a lot of gain: ethical concerns regarding conduct of the pharmaceutical industry. Journal of anesthesia,  20(4), 348-351. doi:10. 1007/s00540-006-0432-7 Culp, D. R. , & Isobel, B. (2007, August 6). Merck and the Vioxx       debacle. Retrieved February 13, 2013 from St. Johns University,       Web site: http://www. stjohns. edu/media/3/2c0778b7593f4a178b60354abc80bad8. pdf Grant, B. (2009, April 30). Merck published fake journal. Retrieved Febuary 12, 2013 from, Web site: http://www. the-scientist. om/? articles. view/articleNo/27376/title/Merck- published-fake- journal/ Daily, M. (2005, July 18). Merck used ‘dodge ball’ on Vioxx       questions-lawyer. Retrieved February 12, 2013 from, Web site:       http://www. redorbit. com/news/general/178738/ Kay, J. ( 2004, November 22). The Vioxx scandal: Damning senate       testimony reveals drug company, government complicity. Retrieved 2013, February 9 from , Web site: http://www. wsws. org/en/articles/2004/11/viox-n22. html Merck & Co. , Inc. International Directory of Company Histories. 2000.Retrieved February 19, 2013 from Encyclopedia. com:  http://www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1G2-2843800076. html Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. , a subsidiary of  Merck & Co. , Inc. (2009-2013). Retrieved February 18 , 2013, from http://www. merck. com/index. html Merck to pay whistleblower. (2008). TCE: The Chemical Engineer, (801), 12. Miller, C. , & Goldman, K. (2003, October, 23). Merck, aids, and       Africa. Retrieved February 2, 2013 from New York University,       Leonard N. Stern School of Business Web site: http://pages. stern. nyu. edu/~lcabral/teaching/aids. pdf Muse, L.A. (2011). Flexibility implementation to a global workforce: a case study of Merck and Company, Inc. Community, Work & Family,  14(2), 249-256. Singer, N. (March 9, 2009). Merck to Buy Schering-Plough for $41. 1 Billion. The New York Times, Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2009/03/10/business/10drug. html? _r=0 February 19, 2013. Thornton, J. (2011). A Hair-Raising Side Effect. Men's Health (10544836), 26(10), 102-105. Unicef (2013). Merck & co. , inc. Retrieved January 12, 2013 from, Partners Web site       http://www. unicefusa. org/partners/corporate/merck. html Pharmaceutical Industry and E. Merck Ag Historical background of the business Today Merck & Co, Inc. is one of the most recognizable companies in the pharmaceutical industry. When asked about Merck, most people think that it is and always has been a US company. However, the company’s history can be traced all the way back to the 1600’s where it was started in Darmstadt, Germany. Friedrich Jacob Merck purchased a local store in 1668 where he prepared and sold medicines. The store was called â€Å"At the sign of the Angels† and would remain in the Merck family for many generations (Merck & co. , 2000). In 1827, Heinrich Emmanuel Merck and renamed E.MERCK AG transformed the store into a drug manufacturer. The pharmacy was so successful that by 1855 E. Merck AG was selling medications worldwide. It was at this time that Merck decided to send a company officer to the United States to set up a sales office. Once in the U. S. in 1899, Heinrich’s grandson George Merck bought one hundred and fifty acres in Rahway, New Jersey. A couple of years later, in 1903, Merck started production in its new U. S. headquarters. By this time Merck was not just producing drugs, it was also starting to produce different types of chemicals and there was also a research lab.When the United States entered World War I in 1917, George Merck, fearing that Germany would win the war and take over his company, sold all of his stock to a US company named Alien Property Custodian (Merck & Co. , 2000). This ended all of Merck’s ties to Germany. After the war, George Merck regained a controlling share of the company in 1919 and from that day forward Merck has always been a publicly owned company. George Merck continued to grow the company until his death in 1926 at which time his son, George W. Merck took over. In 1926, George W.Merck decided to merge the company with Powers-Weightman-Rosengarten, which was a Philadelphia, based pharmaceutical company. In 1927 the company was officially incorporated and renamed Merck & Co. Inc. This merger gave George W. Merck the capital he needed to recruit new chemists and biologists, which lead to the discovery of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 was a huge success, but because the war had been over for several years, new foreign companies were continually underselling Merck. With no new products in sight, George W. Merck decided to merge with a Baltimore company by the name of Sharp & Dohme, Inc.This merger was believed to have saved Merck from going under; it gave Merck new marketing facilities and a new distribution network, which it desperately needed. By the time George W. Merck died in 1957, the company had hit the one hundred million dollar mark. Not only was the dollar mark significant, George’s death marked the last time a Merck family member would ever be in control. From the 60’s on, Merck continued to raise its market share taking advantage of its research and development, which continually produced new and popular drugs every year.Today Merck employs over fifty five thousand people and produces some of the most well known pharmaceutical products on the market. With profits totaling a little fewer than six billion dollars and annual sales of over twelve and half billion dollars, Merck is considered one of the best pharmaceutical companies in the world. Products Throughout the years, Merck has made itself a reputation for developing high quality products that consumers know will work. The drugs are developed to help with all different types of problems.Some medicines are used for every day symptoms like a stuffed up nose and some are used for more serious illnesses like the treatment of HIV. Since Merck & Co. , Inc. was founded; it has always made a point to have an above average research and development program so that it could appeal to a wide variety of consumers no matter what symptoms they were trying to cure. Some of the first products ever distributed by Merck in the 1820’s were morphine, co deine and cocaine. These three products allowed Merck enough revenue to begin research on other types of products.In 1933 Merck scientists discovered vitamin B12 which was, at the time, used as a therapeutic drug. The sales from B12 alone were enough to carry Merck into the next decade. Although Merck scientists discovered cortisone, which is a steroid, and streptomycin, which is used to treat tuberculosis, the 1940’s, 50’s and 60’s were fairly slow periods for Merck. Other products such as Aldomet, which is used to treat depression, Indocin and Clinoril which are anti-inflammatory drugs, were developed but none of them had the impact on revenue that Merck was used to.It was not until the mid to late 70’s that Merck came out with some new products that really connected with consumers. It was at this time that Timoptic and Enalapril were invented. Timoptic is a hepatitis vaccine that helps with the treatment of glaucoma and Enalapril is a high blood pressu re medication. Sales from these two drugs were well over a half a billion dollars by the early 1980’s. Things only got better for Merck from the 1980’s through 2000. During this time Merck produced over twenty new drugs.Some of the more popular drugs include Cosopt, used in the treatment of glaucoma, Propecia, which is used to treat hair loss, Maxalt, which is used for migraine headaches, and Singulair, which treats cases of asthma. Although all of these medications worked out very well for Merck’s profit, there were three drugs that stood above the rest. Vasotec was a treatment for congestive heart failure and Merck’s first billion dollar a year drug. That was followed by Vioxx which is a pain medication used to treat arthritis and also a billion dollar a year seller. The most popular drug Merck ever produced was Zocor.Zocor is a cholesterol-fighting drug that was introduced in 1992. Not only was zocor a multi-billion dollar a year drug, it was one of th e most successful selling pharmaceutical drugs ever (Merck & Co. , 2000). Zocor accounted for over four billion dollars in worldwide sales in 2004 alone. With products like these and a continued dedication to research and development, Merck will be a major player in the pharmaceutical industry for many years to come. Company Locations Merck and its subsidiaries have locations all over the world. Their main headquarters is currently located in Whitehouse Station, New Jersey.Merck takes pride in being a global healthcare leader. According to their website they currently have 83,000 employees worldwide (Merck. com). In 2009, Merck merged with competitor Shering-Plough, which extended Merck’s reach into the global economy. According to Muse (2011), Merck has over 75 locations, â€Å"Drawing from its locations in 77 countries, Merck’s worldwide sales for 2009 were $27. 4 billion (Muse p. 251). † These locations stretch across the continental United States from New Je rsey to San Francisco. The worldwide locations include factories in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Japan.Merck’s revenues continue to climb with their global growth. The revenues recorded in various regions by Merck in 2012 include, â€Å" |2012 Revenues |United States | |(By Geographic Region) |$20. 4 billion | | | | | |Europe, Middle East and Africa | | |$13. billion | | | | | |Japan | | |$5. 1 billion | | | | | |Other | | |$8. billion (Merck. com). † | | | | Merck is seen as a leader on the stage of global expansion. It is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. Merck continues to grow and expand its influence in an effort to provide their vaccines and medicines across the globe. Their recent merger will allow them to test markets that they have not had experience in before, and help increase their profits globally.Style of International Business Merck has been on the forefront of International Business and is one of the leaders at adapt ing to new employees in diverse geographic locations. The company has maintained a policy of progressiveness in their workplace. According to Muse (2011) Merck is one of the leaders in this field. They have been ranked among the Top 50 Companies for Diversity and the 100 Best Corporate Citizens List (Muse p. 251). † Merck makes diversity one of their top priorities and it is well documented on their website. They have created a voice for the different diverse peoples within their company.It is a new way to maintain communication with the feelings and thoughts of various groups in different regions throughout the world. Merck calls these Global Constituency Groups. According to their website, â€Å"We've taken an innovative, global approach to our diversity strategy through the creation of Global Constituency Groups. These groups represent the diverse constituencies in our company, our customers and society, in general. The members represent different geographies, cultures and areas of expertise. Together they reflect Merck employees and customers globally†. Merck. com) With this process, Merck is able to keep up with the problems and successes within the different constituencies throughout the company. Merck’s plan to achieve diversity within their company begins from the leadership positions. Filling these positions with people mindful of diversity has allowed the company to continue to keep its place among the most diverse companies in the world. According to Merck, â€Å"Diversity and inclusion are integrated into our leadership model, and are considered an essential leadership skill for all of our employees (Merck. com). Merck preaches this diversity not only to their employees, but their suppliers as well. â€Å"At Merck, we believe that having a diverse supplier base helps us better understand and anticipate the needs of the people we serve (Merck. com). † This creates a positive culture throughout the company of acceptance an d tolerance towards others. It is a progressive policy that allows Merck to continue to flourish and it is a model style of International Business. Strategic Alliances Merck has made many strategic alliances throughout the years to help improve their products or supply them to a wider range of people.In the late 80’s Merck made an alliance with one of the biggest companies in the United States, Johnson & Johnson. According to the International Directory of Company Histories (2000), â€Å"In 1989 Merck joined with Johnson & Johnson in a venture to develop over-the-counter (OTC) versions of Merck’s prescription medications, initially for the U. S. market, later expanded to Europe and Canada (encyclopedia. com)†. This helped Merck products become more easily available to consumers throughout the world. At the time this alliance was hailed as a blockbuster deal that would create growth for both companies.This deal lasted over twenty years and was very profitable for both parties. When Merck sold their stake in the deal in 2011, they received $175 million for it. The largest alliance Merck has made recently is the acquisition, or reverse merger, of their rival Schering-Plough. The $40 billion deal was made in an effort to keep up with other companies in the pharmaceutical market, especially Pfizer. According to Singer (2009), â€Å"The merger would join pharmaceutical companies that had combined sales of $46. 9 billion last year (p. 1). † This alliance expanded Merck globally and allowed it to tap into Schering-Plough’s resources.These resources ranged from new drugs for Merck to market, to a bigger pipeline to promote their own drugs. According to Singer (2009), â€Å"The merger gives it access to successful brand-name Schering products with much longer patents, like the prescription allergy spray Nasonex. And Merck could capitalize on Schering’s investments in promising biotechnology drugs (Singer p. 1 ). † This al liance helped Merck continue to be a formidable competitor in the global pharmaceutical market. With this deal happening only a few short years ago, Merck continues to grow and utilize its new resources in the market today.Exports Merck’s exports consist of various types of pharmaceuticals. Some of their most profitable exports include Singulair, Fosamax, Nasonex, and Vytorin. Singulair is used to treat seasonal allergies like other drugs such as Claritin and Allegra. It can also be used to prevent asthma attacks. It has been very profitable for Merck in the past. Yet, sales began to dramatically fall when media reports about the disturbing side effects of Singulair began to surface. The worst of these side effects included depression and suicidal thoughts.Still, even in spite of Singulair’s profit drop, Merck continues to make large amounts of money off of the export. Nasonex and Vytorin are two products that were a result of the Merck and Schering-Plough merger. Naso nex is a nasal spray used to treat seasonal allergies in adults and children. It has proved to be a positive part of the merger, becoming one of Merck’s most profitable products. Vytorin was already part of a joint effort between Merck and Schering-Plough even before the merger. Vytorin is a combination of ezetimibe and simvastatin used to treat cholesterol levels.They created and marketed the product together. After the merger, Merck continued to sell and market Vytorin. Fosamax is another popular export of the Merck Company. It is used to treat osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Fosamax was previously one of Merck’s best selling drugs. Yet, because of patent problems, they have lost large amount of money. According to Singer (2009) â€Å"Merck’s former blockbuster bone drug Fosamax has gone generic, and in a few years the same thing will happen to its best-selling allergy and asthma drug Singulair (pg. 1 ). † These exports have been Merck’s ma in products in the past.In the future, with their recent merger, they should be able to develop new products that can help them rebound from the losses they took from products like Fosamax and Singulair. Transportation In order to effectively and efficiently deliver their products throughout the world, Merck has contracted UPS to deliver them. As of June 2011, the joint venture known as MSD has announced that it would include and take care of Merck’s logistics and distribution around the world, which till now only managed Merck’s distribution, warehousing and transportation in North America (Berman, 2011).According to Willie A. Deese, executive vice president and president, Merck Manufacturing Division,â€Å" This expanded agreement with UPS allows us to focus on our core business as a global healthcare leader that looks for innovative ways to bring our medicines and vaccines to patients in emerging markets and markets around the world† (businesswire, 2011). The collaboration, which began in early 2003 with UPS just taking care of the transportation and delivery of products over time, has extended to North American distribution, warehousing and multi-modal transportation services (businesswire, 2011).Merck now entrusted UPS with taking care of their logistics in countries like China, Brazil as well as Latin America among others. UPS also stated that it would establish proper facilities in order to store goods and vaccines so in order to ensure quicker and efficient delivery system (Berman, 2011). Merck believes that this extended partnership with UPS would result in being cost effective in the long run. Although Merck does rely on other logistic companies as well, but they rely more heavily on UPS and this current agreement will only further increase the company’s trust in the logistics firm (businesswire, 2011).Ethical Standards The code of ethics from Merck’s website (2013) states: Being a good corporate citizen means that we comply with all applicable laws, rules and regulations. Also, we serve our society, from the local communities in which we operate to the national and international levels, by supporting a number of programs, including those that improve health and promote environmental sustainability. All of our activities are guided by our corporate responsibility principle of â€Å"Helping the World Be Well†. (p. 1) Ethical Violations Merck & Co. ave developed some great products that have helped many people. They have even done some amazing humanitarian work that follows their mission of their code of ethics, which is to help the people of this world be as healthy as they can. For example, After World War II, many people who were living in Japan could not afford the Merck developed drug streptomycin (Miller & Goldman, 2003). Streptomycin was the first drug to fight tuberculosis. Merck decided to sell streptomycin at a much lower cost in Japan so it could be distributed to those who nee ded it and could not afford it at market value.Merck is also one of the nation’s largest donors to UNICEF. One of the ways that Merck has partnered with UNICEF is by donating a drug called Mectizan. Mectizan is a drug that Merck has developed to fight river blindness, and Merck has teamed up with UNICEF in order to distribute Mectizan to anyone who needs it (Unicef, 2013). But the business strategies for Merck have not always been as ethically sound as it may appear. On September 30th 2004 the drug that Merck had created to treat arthritis and severe pain, Vioxx, was pulled off the shelves for good.The reason behind shutting down this drug was that it was found to have caused serious illnesses after long term use, including heart attacks and strokes (Kay, 2004). Vioxx was withdrawn only five years after being introduced, but in that short time had effected many, in those five years there had been over eighty million prescriptions for Vioxx (Kay, 2004). Dr David Graham, the as sociate director for science and medicine at the Office of Drug Safety, estimates that Vioxx caused between 88,000 and 139,000 heart attacks, of which thirty to forty percent have most likely died (Kay, 2004).But did Merck know of this threat before they started to market the drug? Before Merck released Vioxx in 1999 their own scientist conducted tests on Vioxx while developing it. In 1997 these scientist did a study and found that patients who were being tested on were six times more likely to have heart complications when using Vioxx compared to other arthritis drugs. But this study was never released and the data was never sent to the FDA (Culp & Isobel, 2007).Scientist also completed a VIGOR (Vioxx Gastrointestinal Outcomes Research) test on the drug and found evidence that people who take Vioxx had a five times higher chance of having a heart attack (Cahana & Mauron, 2006). In 2001 Merck scientist had another test called â€Å"meta-analysis†. The meta-analysis tested 20, 000 patients, and again showed that these patients were twice as likely to have a heart attack while taking Vioxx compared to other drugs (Culp & Isobel, 2007). Not only did Merck know about these risks and kept the results to themselves, they also trained their sales people on how to dodge the subject.In order to train the sales force who were going to be selling Vioxx to doctors, Merck developed a card game called dodgeball. The purpose of this game was to teach the sales force different ways to dodge questions asked by doctors about the effects Vioxx has on the heart (Daily, 2005). This again proves that Merck knew of these risks caused by taking Vioxx, but was trying to make sure that information was kept in house. Another instance where Merck lacked good ethical decision making is when they decided to pay Elsevier to publish a magazine for them. Elsevier is a publishing company that focuses mainly on medical and scientific literature.Merck’s marketing team decided to pay Elsevier to publish a journal called The Australiasian Journal of Bone & Joint Medicine. This journal was made to look like any other peer-reviewed medical journal but it was far from it. Merck’s marketing department handpicked the articles that they wanted to put in this journal, with the purpose of trying to control what articles were chosen to be in the journal. They took advantage of this situation by picking articles that favored Merck products and disguising this marketing scheme as a peer review journal (Grant, 2009).For instance in the second issue twenty one of the twenty nine articles spoke about Merck’s products in a favorable way, nine of them positively talking about Vioxx (Grant, 2009). Merck also had an ethical downfall when management decided to change the prices of their product. Not only was Merck paying doctors to prescribe Merck medicine when patients were in the hospital, Merck also started to give hospitals a ninety two percent discount on their medicine; with the idea that after the patient was discharged they would want to stay on the same medicine (Merck to pay whistleblower, 2008).The insurance company would pay full price for the drugs after the patient was discharged and that is where Merck would bring in their profit. An employee within Merck saw what was going on and didn’t approve. A lawsuit quickly followed and Merck ended up paying $671 million, including sixty eight million dollars to the whistleblower (Merck to pay whistleblower, 2008). Even after settling Merck did not think they were in the wrong with this pricing, as Merck to pay whistleblower (2008) reported Merck making a statement saying they â€Å"stands by its pricing strategies but is keen to resolve the dispute† (p. 2). Unfortunately for Merck, Vioxx isn’t the only drug that has caused people to question Merck’s ethical decision making when it comes to their customers. As noted above, Merck released a drug called Propecia t o the public that helped men with baldness. The problem with Propecia is that men are starting to see a great increase in sexual problems. Merck says that only one out of fifty men will see significant sexual side effects, and those side effects will disappear after you stop taking Propecia (Thornton, 2011). But that doesn’t seem to be the case.A recent study by Micheal Irving showed that ninety percent of his test patients still showed signs of sexual problems forty months after being off of Propecia (Thornton, 2011). This is where ethics will hurt Merck the most. Not only have there been hundreds of millions of dollars in fines and settlements that will be paid out, but if Merck continues to keep making unethical managerial decisions, Merck will lose the trust of their customers. Even though there is no evidence yet that Merck knew that Propecia would harm people after they stopped taking the drug, it’s hard not to think of how the Merck management decided to handle Vioxx.The financial hit is a big blow that will slow present and future projects, but money is a lot easier to gain back than trust. References Berman, J. (2011, June). UPS and Merck extend relationship with a global supply chain focus. Retrieved February 2013, from http://www. logisticsmgmt. com/article/ups_and_merck_extend_relationship_witha_ global_supply_chain_focus/ businesswire. (2011, June). UPS and Merck Expand Their Distribution and Logistics Agreement. Retrieved February 2013, from businesswire. com: http://www. businesswire. com/news/home/20110628005271/en/UPS-Merck-Expand-Distribution-Logistics-AgreementCahana, A. , & Mauron, A. (2006). The story of Vioxx—no pain and a lot of gain: ethical concerns regarding conduct of the pharmaceutical industry. Journal of anesthesia,  20(4), 348-351. doi:10. 1007/s00540-006-0432-7 Culp, D. R. , & Isobel, B. (2007, August 6). Merck and the Vioxx       debacle. Retrieved February 13, 2013 from St. Johns University,       Web site: http://www. stjohns. edu/media/3/2c0778b7593f4a178b60354abc80bad8. pdf Grant, B. (2009, April 30). Merck published fake journal. Retrieved Febuary 12, 2013 from, Web site: http://www. the-scientist. om/? articles. view/articleNo/27376/title/Merck- published-fake- journal/ Daily, M. (2005, July 18). Merck used ‘dodge ball’ on Vioxx       questions-lawyer. Retrieved February 12, 2013 from, Web site:       http://www. redorbit. com/news/general/178738/ Kay, J. ( 2004, November 22). The Vioxx scandal: Damning senate       testimony reveals drug company, government complicity. Retrieved 2013, February 9 from , Web site: http://www. wsws. org/en/articles/2004/11/viox-n22. html Merck & Co. , Inc. International Directory of Company Histories. 2000.Retrieved February 19, 2013 from Encyclopedia. com:  http://www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1G2-2843800076. html Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. , a subsidiary of  Merck & Co. , Inc. (2009-2013). Retrieved February 18 , 2013, from http://www. merck. com/index. html Merck to pay whistleblower. (2008). TCE: The Chemical Engineer, (801), 12. Miller, C. , & Goldman, K. (2003, October, 23). Merck, aids, and       Africa. Retrieved February 2, 2013 from New York University,       Leonard N. Stern School of Business Web site: http://pages. stern. nyu. edu/~lcabral/teaching/aids. pdf Muse, L.A. (2011). Flexibility implementation to a global workforce: a case study of Merck and Company, Inc. Community, Work & Family,  14(2), 249-256. Singer, N. (March 9, 2009). Merck to Buy Schering-Plough for $41. 1 Billion. The New York Times, Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2009/03/10/business/10drug. html? _r=0 February 19, 2013. Thornton, J. (2011). A Hair-Raising Side Effect. Men's Health (10544836), 26(10), 102-105. Unicef (2013). Merck & co. , inc. Retrieved January 12, 2013 from, Partners Web site       http://www. unicefusa. org/partners/corporate/merck. html